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10.3390/pathogens14080762
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Review

From Morphology to Multi-Omics: A New Age of Fusarium Research

by
Collins Bugingo
1,2,*,
Alessandro Infantino
3,
Paul Okello
4,
Oscar Perez-Hernandez
4,
Kristina Petrović
5,
Andéole Niyongabo Turatsinze
6 and
Swarnalatha Moparthi
7
1
Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
2
School of Integrative Plant Science, Horticulture Department, Cornell Agritech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
3
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification of Rome, Via C.G. Bertero 22, 00156 Rome, Italy
4
School of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
5
Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
6
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
7
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2025, 14(8), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14080762
Submission received: 30 June 2025 / Revised: 28 July 2025 / Accepted: 30 July 2025 / Published: 1 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Fusarium: 2nd Edition)
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Abstract

The Fusarium genus includes some of the most economically and ecologically impactful fungal pathogens affecting global agriculture and human health. Over the past 15 years, rapid advances in molecular biology, genomics, and diagnostic technologies have reshaped our understanding of Fusarium taxonomy, host–pathogen dynamics, mycotoxin biosynthesis, and disease management. This review synthesizes key developments in these areas, focusing on agriculturally important Fusarium species complexes such as the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC), Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), and a discussion on emerging lineages such as Neocosmospora. We explore recent shifts in species delimitation, functional genomics, and the molecular architecture of pathogenicity. In addition, we examine the global burden of Fusarium-induced mycotoxins by examining their prevalence in three of the world’s most widely consumed staple crops: maize, wheat, and rice. Last, we also evaluate contemporary management strategies, including molecular diagnostics, host resistance, and integrated disease control, positioning this review as a roadmap for future research and practical solutions in Fusarium-related disease and mycotoxin management. By weaving together morphological insights and cutting-edge multi-omics tools, this review captures the transition into a new era of Fusarium research where integrated, high-resolution approaches are transforming diagnosis, classification, and management.
Keywords: Fusarium; species complex; host specificity; mycotoxins; functional genomics; phylogenomics Fusarium; species complex; host specificity; mycotoxins; functional genomics; phylogenomics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bugingo, C.; Infantino, A.; Okello, P.; Perez-Hernandez, O.; Petrović, K.; Turatsinze, A.N.; Moparthi, S. From Morphology to Multi-Omics: A New Age of Fusarium Research. Pathogens 2025, 14, 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14080762

AMA Style

Bugingo C, Infantino A, Okello P, Perez-Hernandez O, Petrović K, Turatsinze AN, Moparthi S. From Morphology to Multi-Omics: A New Age of Fusarium Research. Pathogens. 2025; 14(8):762. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14080762

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bugingo, Collins, Alessandro Infantino, Paul Okello, Oscar Perez-Hernandez, Kristina Petrović, Andéole Niyongabo Turatsinze, and Swarnalatha Moparthi. 2025. "From Morphology to Multi-Omics: A New Age of Fusarium Research" Pathogens 14, no. 8: 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14080762

APA Style

Bugingo, C., Infantino, A., Okello, P., Perez-Hernandez, O., Petrović, K., Turatsinze, A. N., & Moparthi, S. (2025). From Morphology to Multi-Omics: A New Age of Fusarium Research. Pathogens, 14(8), 762. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14080762

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