Molecular Detection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Migratory Waterfowl of the Genus Anser (Anseriformes: Anatidae) in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Molecular Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Month | No. of Samples Instead | No. of Samples Instead | Flock Size (Number of Spotted Birds) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | October (31.10.2020) | 35 | 39 A.albifrons | |
November (06.11.2020) | 40 | 47 A. albifrons | ||
December (25.12.2020) | 20 | 298 A. anser 97 A. serrirostris 91 A. albifrons 9 Anser spp. | ||
2021 | January (17.01.2021) | 94 | 510 A. serrirostris 370 A. albifrons 198 A. anser 93 Anser spp. | |
Total | 189 |
Year | Month | No. of Samples/Positive in Monospecies Flock | No. of Samples/Positive in Multi-Species Flock | Isolate No. |
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | October | 35/0 | ||
November | 40/1 | 165 | ||
December | 20 | |||
2021 | January | 94/5 | 169, 171, 175, 177, 179 | |
Negative/positive | 75/1 | 114/5 | ||
Total negative/positive | 189/6 |
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Solarczyk, P.; Perec-Matysiak, A.; Wojtkowiak-Giera, A.; Heddergott, M. Molecular Detection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Migratory Waterfowl of the Genus Anser (Anseriformes: Anatidae) in Poland. Pathogens 2025, 14, 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050489
Solarczyk P, Perec-Matysiak A, Wojtkowiak-Giera A, Heddergott M. Molecular Detection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Migratory Waterfowl of the Genus Anser (Anseriformes: Anatidae) in Poland. Pathogens. 2025; 14(5):489. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050489
Chicago/Turabian StyleSolarczyk, Piotr, Agnieszka Perec-Matysiak, Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera, and Mike Heddergott. 2025. "Molecular Detection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Migratory Waterfowl of the Genus Anser (Anseriformes: Anatidae) in Poland" Pathogens 14, no. 5: 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050489
APA StyleSolarczyk, P., Perec-Matysiak, A., Wojtkowiak-Giera, A., & Heddergott, M. (2025). Molecular Detection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Migratory Waterfowl of the Genus Anser (Anseriformes: Anatidae) in Poland. Pathogens, 14(5), 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050489