Evaluation of IgM, IgA, and IgG Antibody Responses Against PCV3 and PCV2 in Tissues of Aborted Fetuses from Late-Term Co-Infected Sows
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples
2.2. ELISA
2.3. Real-Time PCR
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. PCV2 and PCV3 Detection in Sera from Aborted Sows
3.2. Anti-PCV2 and Anti-PCV3 Antibodies in the Sera of Aborted Sows
3.3. Viral DNA of PCV2 and PCV3 in Aborted Fetuses
3.4. IgG, IgA, and IgM Antibodies in the Tissues of Aborted Fetuses
4. Discussion
- (i)
- The data may indicate a true intrauterine co-infection with PCV2 and PCV3.
- (ii)
- The higher frequency of anti-PCV3 IgM compared to anti-PCV2 IgM suggests active PCV3 infection within the fetus.
- (iii)
- The higher frequency of anti-PCV3 IgA further supports ongoing PCV3 infection.
- (iv)
- An initial PCV2 infection, controlled by the vaccination program, may have reduced the virus load and, consequently, the induction of IgM. Some IgG antibodies could represent maternal transfer, especially if PCV2 infection altered the placenta.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age (Years) | No. of Parities | No. of Aborted Pigs | No. of Pigs Born Alive | No. of Vaccinations Against PCV2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sow 1 | 1.4 | 2 | 15 | 3 | 3 |
Sow 2 | 2.5 | 5 | 2 | 15 | 6 |
Sow 3 | 1.8 | 3 | 2 | 16 | 4 |
Sow 4 | 2.5 | 5 | 3 | 17 | 6 |
Sow 5 | 1.4 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 3 |
Sow 6 | 1.4 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 3 |
Sow 7 | 1.8 | 3 | 2 | 16 | 4 |
Sow 8 | 1.4 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 3 |
Sow 9 | 2.5 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 6 |
Sow 10 | 1.0 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 2 |
Sow 11 | 2.5 | 5 | 3 | 15 | 6 |
Sow 1 | Sow 2 | Sow 3 | Sow 4 | Sow 5 | Sow 6 | Sow 7 | Sow 8 | Sow 9 | Sow 10 | Sow 11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCV2 | 30.7 | Neg | 32.0 | 32.0 | 32.0 | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg | Neg |
PCV3 | Neg | Neg | 32.0 | 27.5 | 28.8 | 31.5 | 32.0 | 33.4 | 31.29 | 29.55 | 33.25 |
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCV2 | 9.56 | 8.86 | 14.54 | 7.81 | 9.54 | 26.81 | 27.5 | 15.26 | 30.79 | 29.23 | 28.75 |
PCV3 | 12.89 | 11.43 | 27.45 | 12.15 | 12.6 | 12.56 | 9.74 | 16.43 | 16.29 | 11.4 | 16.83 |
Heart | Kidney | Lung | Spleen | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IgM | ||||
PCV2 | 5 (1 of 20) | 0 | 10 (2 of 20) | 0 |
PCV3 | 20 (4 of 20) | 35 (7 of 20) | 25 (5 of 20) | 7.1 (1 of 14) |
IgA | ||||
PCV2 | 26.3 (5 of 19) | 25 (5 of 20) | 17.4 (3 of 17) | 22.2 (2 of 9) |
PCV3 | 65 (13 of 20) | 65 (13 of 20) | 47 (8 of 17) | 33.3 (3 of 9) |
IgG | ||||
PCV2 | 25 (5 of 20) | 30 (6 of 20) | 20 (4 of 20) | 7.7 (1 of 13) |
PCV3 | 30 (6 of 20) | 30 (6 of 20) | 20 (4 of 20) | 7.7 (1 of 13) |
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Hernández, J.; Henao-Díaz, A.; Reséndiz-Sandoval, M.; Ramírez-Morán, J.; Cota-Valdez, A.; Mata-Haro, V.; Giménez-Lirola, L.G. Evaluation of IgM, IgA, and IgG Antibody Responses Against PCV3 and PCV2 in Tissues of Aborted Fetuses from Late-Term Co-Infected Sows. Pathogens 2025, 14, 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020198
Hernández J, Henao-Díaz A, Reséndiz-Sandoval M, Ramírez-Morán J, Cota-Valdez A, Mata-Haro V, Giménez-Lirola LG. Evaluation of IgM, IgA, and IgG Antibody Responses Against PCV3 and PCV2 in Tissues of Aborted Fetuses from Late-Term Co-Infected Sows. Pathogens. 2025; 14(2):198. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020198
Chicago/Turabian StyleHernández, Jesús, Alexandra Henao-Díaz, Mónica Reséndiz-Sandoval, Joana Ramírez-Morán, Angel Cota-Valdez, Verónica Mata-Haro, and Luis G. Giménez-Lirola. 2025. "Evaluation of IgM, IgA, and IgG Antibody Responses Against PCV3 and PCV2 in Tissues of Aborted Fetuses from Late-Term Co-Infected Sows" Pathogens 14, no. 2: 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020198
APA StyleHernández, J., Henao-Díaz, A., Reséndiz-Sandoval, M., Ramírez-Morán, J., Cota-Valdez, A., Mata-Haro, V., & Giménez-Lirola, L. G. (2025). Evaluation of IgM, IgA, and IgG Antibody Responses Against PCV3 and PCV2 in Tissues of Aborted Fetuses from Late-Term Co-Infected Sows. Pathogens, 14(2), 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020198