18FDG-PET/CT-Scans and Biomarker Levels Predicting Clinical Outcome in Patients with Alveolar Echinococcosis—A Single-Center Cohort Study with 179 Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Patient Cohort
2.3. Serological Detection of Anti-Echinococcus Antibodies, Total and Parasite-Specific IgE, and Eosinophilic Cationic Protein
2.4. Measurement of sIL-2R, Ck18F, SAA, CRP and EOS
2.5. PET/CT Study
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Descriptive Results
3.2. Interrelations between Biomarkers
3.3. Biomarkers in Relation to PET/CT Results
3.4. Biomarkers and PET/CT Results in Relation to WHO Stage of Disease
3.5. Biomarkers and PET/CT Results in Relation to Clinical Outcome
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PET Scan | |||
---|---|---|---|
Biomarker | Positive | Negative | Statistical Analysis |
Specific IgE, kU/L | n = 107 | n = 33 | Mann-Whitney-U-test: U = 995.00; p < 0.001 |
M = 4.11 SD = 7.44 MD = 1.18 Min = 0.01 Max = 49.10 | M = 0.85 SD = 1.53 MD = 0.17 Min = 0.02 Max = 7.63 | ||
Total IgE, IU/mL | n = 107 | n = 33 | Mann-Whitney-U-test: U = 785.50; p < 0.001 |
M = 706.05 SD = 1637.33 MD = 185.30 Min = 1.14 Max = 14,089.00 | M = 79.24 SD = 119.85 MD = 46.30 Min = 1.10 Max = 576.30 | ||
IHA IgG, <1:32 = ‘0’ | n = 105 | n = 31 | Mann-Whitney-U-test: U = 1058.50; p = 0.001 |
MD = 32 P25 = 0 P75 = 256 Min = 0 Max = 8292 | MD = 0 P25 = 0 P75 = 32 Min = 0 Max = 256 | ||
Em2+ positive | n = 78 (72.9%) | n = 10 (30.3%) | Chi-Square-Test Χ2(1) = 18.511; p < 0.001 |
Em2+ negative | n = 27 (25.2%) | n = 21 (63.6%) |
WHO Stage of Disease | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage I and II | Stage IIIa | Stage IIIb | Stage IV | Statistical Analysis | |
Specific IgE, kU/L | n = 37 | n = 48 | n = 42 | n = 50 | Kruskal-Wallis-test: Χ2(3) = 10.442; p = 0.015 |
M = 3.52 SD = 7.77 MD = 0.35 Min = 0.00 Max = 34.40 | M = 2.01 SD = 4.29 MD = 0.43 Min = 0.02 Max = 21.10 | M = 1.68 SD = 3.02 MD = 0.43 Min = 0.01 Max = 12.50 | M = 4.24 SD = 8.07 MD = 1.03 Min = 0.03 Max = 49.10 | ||
Total IgE, IU/mL | n = 37 | n = 48 | n = 42 | n = 50 | Kruskal-Wallis-test: Χ2(3) = 14.137; p = 0.003 |
M = 608.03 SD = 2311.86 MD = 57.0 Min = 1.10 Max = 14,089.00 | M = 199.75 SD = 398.43 MD = 71.75 Min = 2.20 Max = 1941.00 | M = 272.00 SD = 518.11 MD = 61.25 Min = 1.14 Max = 2570.00 | M = 755.64 SD = 1289.44 MD = 235.20 Min = 2.20 Max = 5750.00 | ||
IHA IgG, <1:32 = ‘0’ | n = 35 | n = 46 | n = 41 | n = 50 | Kruskal-Wallis-test: X2(3) = 13.705; p = 0.003 |
MD = 0 P25 = 0 P75 = 32 Min = 0 Max = 1024 | MD = 0 P25 = 0 P75 = 40 Min = 0 Max = 2048 | MD = 0 P25 = 0 P75 = 32 Min = 0 Max = 8192 | MD = 32 P25 = 0 P75 = 256 Min = 0 Max = 4096 | ||
Em2+ negative | n = 23 (62.2%) | n = 26 (54.2%) | n = 20 (47.6%) | n = 12 (24.0%) | Chi-Square-test: Χ2(3) = 16.472; p < 0.001 |
Em2+ positive | n = 13 (35.1%) | n = 20 (41.7%) | n = 21 (50.0%) | n = 38 (76.0%) | |
PET negative | n = 7 (35.0%) | n = 14 (35.9%) | n = 7 (19.4%) | n = 4 (9.1%) | Chi-Square-test: X2(3) = 10.346; p < 0.016 |
PET positive | n = 13 (65.0%) | n = 25 (64.1%) | n = 29 (80.6%) | n = 40 (90.9%) |
Clinical Outcome | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cured | Stable without BMZ | Stable with BMZ | Progressive Disease | Statistical Analysis | |
Specific IgE, kU/L | n = 37 | n = 39 | n = 75 | n = 7 | X2(3) = 38.564; p < 0.001 |
M = 1.16 SD = 3.58 MD = 0.12 IQR = 0.42 Min = 0.00 Max = 19.40 | M = 1.50 SD = 5.47 MD = 0.14 IQR = 0.81 Min = 0.02 Max = 34.30 | M = 4.08 SD = 7.00 MD = 1.57 IQR = 3.85 Min = 0.02 Max = 49.10 | M = 5.38 SD = 7.94 MD = 0.69 IQR = 13.53 Min = 0.03 Max = 19.60 | ||
Total IgE, IU/mL | n = 37 | n = 39 | n = 76 | n = 7 | X2(3) = 40.856; p < 0.001 |
M = 100.65 SD = 198.85 MD = 21.50 IQR = 97.85 Min = 3.40 Max = 987.40 | M = 516.96 SD = 2313.18 MD = 45.60 IQR = 60.00 Min = 1.60 Max = 14,089.00 | M = 580.53 SD = 870.64 MD = 234.65 IQR = 526.57 Min = 1.10 Max = 5251.00 | M = 1252.96 SD = 2106.86 MD = 103.00 IQR = 1897.90 Min = 3.80 Max = 5750.00 | ||
IHA IgG, <1:32 = ‘0’ | n = 37 | n = 38 | n = 74 | n = 7 | X2(3) = 27.233; p < 0.001 |
MD = 0 P25 = 0 P75 =0 Min = 0 Max = 128 | MD = 0 P25 = 0 P75 = 32 Min = 0 Max = 1024 | MD = 32 P25 = 0 P75 = 128 Min = 0 Max = 4096 | MD = 128 P25 = 0 P75 = 1024 Min = 0 Max = 1024 | ||
Em2+ positive | n = 33 (89.2%) | n = 23 (60.0%) | n = 20 (26.3%) | n = 1 (14.2%) | Chi-Square-test: X2(3) = 44.805; p < 0.001 |
Em2+ negative | n = 4 (10.8%) | n = 14 (35.9%) | n = 55 (72.4%) | n = 6 (85.7%) | |
PET negative | / | n = 19 (48.7%) | n = 8 (10.5%) | n = 0 (0%) | Chi-Square-test: X2(2) = 23.925; p < 0.001 |
PET positive | / | n = 20 (51.3%) | n = 68 (89.5%) | n = 7 (100%) |
Variables | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p = |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.488 | 0.198–1.201 | 0.119 |
Age | 1.031 | 1.003–1.060 | 0.029 |
WHO PNM stage | 1.435 | 0.937–2.195 | 0.097 |
PET/CT positivity | 8.908 | 3.019–26.285 | <0.001 |
IHA titers | 1.000 | 0.999–1.001 | 0.931 |
Specific IgE levels | 1.027 | 0.950–1.112 | 0.493 |
SAA levels | 0.980 | 0.952–1.008 | 0.165 |
CRP levels | 0.992 | 0.930–1.059 | 0.807 |
sIL-2R levels | 1.001 | 0.998–1.004 | 0.649 |
Ratio Ck18F(M30:M65) | 0.757 | 0.427–1.339 | 0.338 |
ECP levels | 0.978 | 0.834–1.148 | 0.787 |
Absolute EOS count | 2.396 | 0.040–143.45 | 0.676 |
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Peters, L.; Jiang, W.; Eberhardt, N.; Hagemann, J.B.; Grüner, B.; Tappe, D. 18FDG-PET/CT-Scans and Biomarker Levels Predicting Clinical Outcome in Patients with Alveolar Echinococcosis—A Single-Center Cohort Study with 179 Patients. Pathogens 2023, 12, 1041. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081041
Peters L, Jiang W, Eberhardt N, Hagemann JB, Grüner B, Tappe D. 18FDG-PET/CT-Scans and Biomarker Levels Predicting Clinical Outcome in Patients with Alveolar Echinococcosis—A Single-Center Cohort Study with 179 Patients. Pathogens. 2023; 12(8):1041. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081041
Chicago/Turabian StylePeters, Lynn, Wanjie Jiang, Nina Eberhardt, Jürgen Benjamin Hagemann, Beate Grüner, and Dennis Tappe. 2023. "18FDG-PET/CT-Scans and Biomarker Levels Predicting Clinical Outcome in Patients with Alveolar Echinococcosis—A Single-Center Cohort Study with 179 Patients" Pathogens 12, no. 8: 1041. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081041
APA StylePeters, L., Jiang, W., Eberhardt, N., Hagemann, J. B., Grüner, B., & Tappe, D. (2023). 18FDG-PET/CT-Scans and Biomarker Levels Predicting Clinical Outcome in Patients with Alveolar Echinococcosis—A Single-Center Cohort Study with 179 Patients. Pathogens, 12(8), 1041. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081041