Oral Supplementation with AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia, Enhances Host Resistance against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Viruses
2.2. Mice
2.3. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mice
2.4. Oral Feeding with AHCC
2.5. Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR)
2.6. Plaque Assay
2.7. Histology
2.8. IgM and IgG ELISA
2.9. Flow Cytometry
2.10. Intracellular Cytokine Staining (ICS)
2.11. IFN-γ ELISPOT
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Oral Uptake of AHCC Enhances Host Resistance to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in K18-hACE2 and BALB/c Mice
3.2. AHCC Supplementation Promotes Antiviral Innate and Adaptive T Cell Responses in Both Mouse Models following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Increases IgG Titers in BALB/c Mice
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Singh, A.; Adam, A.; Rodriguez, L.; Peng, B.-H.; Wang, B.; Xie, X.; Shi, P.-Y.; Homma, K.; Wang, T. Oral Supplementation with AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia, Enhances Host Resistance against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens 2023, 12, 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040554
Singh A, Adam A, Rodriguez L, Peng B-H, Wang B, Xie X, Shi P-Y, Homma K, Wang T. Oral Supplementation with AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia, Enhances Host Resistance against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens. 2023; 12(4):554. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040554
Chicago/Turabian StyleSingh, Ankita, Awadalkareem Adam, Leslie Rodriguez, Bi-Hung Peng, Binbin Wang, Xuping Xie, Pei-Yong Shi, Kohei Homma, and Tian Wang. 2023. "Oral Supplementation with AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia, Enhances Host Resistance against SARS-CoV-2 Infection" Pathogens 12, no. 4: 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040554