The Complexity of Swine Caliciviruses. A Mini Review on Genomic Diversity, Infection Diagnostics, World Prevalence and Pathogenicity
Abstract
:1. Who Is Who among Swine Enteric Infections?
2. The Elusive Clinical Evidence of Calicivirus Infection in Commercial Pigs
3. The Worldwide Prevalence of Swine Calicivirus in Commercial Pigs
Region | NoVs | SapVs | Co-Infection of Enteric Viruses (NoVs and SaPVs) | Sample Size | Year of the Study | Season | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USA | 20% | 62% | 5.4% | 621 | 2002–2005 | All year | [31] |
Canada | 25% | not examined | - | 120 | 2005 | Autumn | [32] |
South Korea | not examined | 29.1% | - | 237 | 2004–2005 | All year | [42] |
Hungary | 5.9% | 11.8% | - | 17 | 2005 | Spring | [43] |
New Zealand | 9% | not examined | - | 23 | 2006–2007 | All year | [35] |
Korea | 1.9% | 11.2% | - | 537 | 2007–2009 | All year | [24] |
Brazil | 1% | - | - | 96 | 2007 | Summer | [26] |
Japan | 16.7% | 33.4% | 0.08% | 240 | 2008 | All year | [25] |
China | not examined | 8.1%, | - | 19 | 2008 | Winter | [44] |
Taiwan | 7.1% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 533 | 2008 | - | [27] |
North Carolina, USA | 18.9% | - | - | 12 | 2009 | Summer | [30] |
Czech Republic | not examined | 10.25% | - | 196 | 2010–2011 | All year | [17] |
Italy | 0.5% | 11% | - | 290 | 2006–2007 and 2012 | All year | [45] |
Italy | - | not examined | - | 242 | 2012–2014 | All year | [46] |
Slovakia | not examined | 9% | - | 411 | 2013–2016 | All year | [12] |
East Italy | 11.4% | not examined | - | 225 | 2018–2019 | All year | [48] |
Greece | - | 64% | - | 280 | 2019 | All year | [49] |
4. The Extreme Swine Calicivirus Molecular Diversity
5. The Current Techniques to Demonstrate Calicivirus Infections
6. The Interchanging Hosts of Swine Calicivirus
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Davidson, I.; Stamelou, E.; Giantsis, I.A.; Papageorgiou, K.V.; Petridou, E.; Kritas, S.K. The Complexity of Swine Caliciviruses. A Mini Review on Genomic Diversity, Infection Diagnostics, World Prevalence and Pathogenicity. Pathogens 2022, 11, 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040413
Davidson I, Stamelou E, Giantsis IA, Papageorgiou KV, Petridou E, Kritas SK. The Complexity of Swine Caliciviruses. A Mini Review on Genomic Diversity, Infection Diagnostics, World Prevalence and Pathogenicity. Pathogens. 2022; 11(4):413. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040413
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavidson, Irit, Efthymia Stamelou, Ioannis A. Giantsis, Konstantinos V. Papageorgiou, Evanthia Petridou, and Spyridon K. Kritas. 2022. "The Complexity of Swine Caliciviruses. A Mini Review on Genomic Diversity, Infection Diagnostics, World Prevalence and Pathogenicity" Pathogens 11, no. 4: 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040413