Colonization of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women and Their Neonates from a Sri Lankan Hospital
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Serotype and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) Distribution
2.2. Antimicrobial Susceptibility
2.3. Genome-Based Phylogenetic Analysis
2.4. Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Genes among the Three GBS Clusters
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains
4.2. GBS Serotyping and Antibiotic Susceptibility Test
4.3. Whole-Genome Sequencing of GBS Strains
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Serotypes | Total No. Swabs (n = 60) | Pre-Delivery Vaginal Swab (n = 28) | Post-Delivery Vaginal Swabs (n = 25) | Neonate Anal Swabs (n = 7) | p-Value (Pre- vs Post-Delivery Vaginal Swabs) ^ | p-Value (Pre-Delivery Vaginal Swabs vs Neonatal Anal Swabs) ^ | p-Value (Post-Delivery Vaginal Swabs vs Neonatal Anal Swabs) ^ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ia | 7 (11.7%) | 3 (10.7%) | 1 (4%) | 3 (42.9%) | 0.6 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
Ib | 1 (1.67%) | 1 (3.57%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
II | 12 (20%) | 9 (32.1%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.04 | 0.6 | 1 |
III | 15 (25%) | 7 (25%) | 8 (32%) | 0 (0%) | 0.76 | N/A | N/A |
IV | 1 (1.67%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
V | 6 (10%) | 3 (10.7%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (14.3%) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
VI | 17 (28.3%) | 5 (17.9%) | 10 (40%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0.12 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
NT # | 1 (1.67%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Sequence Type (ST) | Serotypes | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ia (n = 7) | Ib (n = 1) | II (n = 12) | III (n = 15) | IV (n = 1) | V (n = 16) | VI (n = 17) | NT (n = 1) # | |
ST1 | - | 1 (100%) | 4 (33.3%) | - | - | 3 (50%) | 16 (94.1%) | - |
ST23 | 2 (28.6%) | - | - | 7 (46.7%) | - | - | - | 1 (100%) |
ST335 | - | - | - | 4 (26.7%) | - | - | - | - |
ST28 | - | - | 3 (25%) | - | - | - | - | - |
ST19 | - | - | - | 2 (13.3%) | - | - | - | - |
ST4 | 3 (42.8%) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
ST24 | 2 (28.6%) | - | - | - | - | 1 (16.7%) | - | - |
ST10 | - | - | 2 (16.7%) | - | - | - | - | - |
ST17 | - | - | - | 2 (13.3%) | - | - | - | - |
ST14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (5.9%) | - |
ST49 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 (16.7%) | - | - |
ST1206 | - | - | - | - | 1 (16.7%) | - | - | |
Unknown STs | - | - | 3 (25%) | - | 1 (100%) | - | - |
Class of Antibiotic | Antibiotic | MIC (μg/mL) a | No. of Resistance Strains (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | MIC50 | MIC90 | |||
Penicillins | Penicillin | 2–0.0625 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0 |
Oxacillin | 32–0.03 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0 | |
Cephalosporins | Cefotaxime | 2–0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0 |
Ceftibuten | 32–0.03 | 16 | 16 | 0 | |
Glycopeptides | Vancomycin | 8–0.25 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | 0 |
Amino glycosides | Gentamicin | 4–0.25 | >4 | >4 | 60 (100%) |
Tetracyclines | Doxycycline ^ | 32–1 | 32 | >32 | 34 (56.7%) |
Minocycline ^ | 32–1 | 32 | >32 | 34 (56.7%) | |
Tetracycline | 32–1 | 16 | 32 | 35 (58.3%) | |
Oxazolidinones | Linezolid | 64–0.06 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Chloramphenicol | Chloramphenicol | 64–2 | ≤1 | 2 | 0 |
Macrolides | Erythromycin | 4–0.12 | ≤0.06 | 1 | 9 (15%) |
Lincosamides | Clindamycin | 4–0.12 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 | 0 |
Lincomycin | 32–0.03 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0 | |
Fluoroquinolones | Ciprofloxacin | 64–0.06 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0 |
Levofloxacin | 32–1 | ≤0.5 | 1 | 0 | |
Gatifloxacin | 4–0.25 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | 0 | |
Moxifloxacin * | 2–0.12 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.12 | 0 |
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Sapugahawatte, D.N.; Li, C.; Liyanapathirana, V.; Kandauda, C.; Gihan, C.; Zhu, C.; Lo, N.W.S.; Wong, K.T.; Ip, M. Colonization of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women and Their Neonates from a Sri Lankan Hospital. Pathogens 2022, 11, 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040386
Sapugahawatte DN, Li C, Liyanapathirana V, Kandauda C, Gihan C, Zhu C, Lo NWS, Wong KT, Ip M. Colonization of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women and Their Neonates from a Sri Lankan Hospital. Pathogens. 2022; 11(4):386. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040386
Chicago/Turabian StyleSapugahawatte, Dulmini Nanayakkara, Carmen Li, Veranja Liyanapathirana, Chaminda Kandauda, Champika Gihan, Chendi Zhu, Norman Wai Sing Lo, Kam Tak Wong, and Margaret Ip. 2022. "Colonization of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women and Their Neonates from a Sri Lankan Hospital" Pathogens 11, no. 4: 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040386