Progress of the COVID-19: Persistence, Effectiveness, and Immune Escape of the Neutralizing Antibody in Convalescent Serum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Approval Statement
2.2. Serum Specimen
2.3. Vero-E6 Cells
2.4. SARS-CoV-2 Isolates
2.5. Virus Neutralization Test
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Basic Information on Patients with COVID-19
3.2. Dynamics of NAbs Level to Discharged Patients
3.3. The Influencing Factors of NAbs Level in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients
3.4. The NAbs against Other Variants in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Male (n = 56) | Female (n = 58) | Total (n = 114) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 0.192 | |||
<18 | 10 | 4 | 14 | |
18–50 | 33 | 37 | 70 | |
≥50 | 13 | 17 | 30 | |
Median age (IQR) | 39.00 (27.00–48.75) | 39.00 (29.75–52.25) | 39.00 (27.75–50.25) | |
Clinical classification | 1.000 | |||
Asymptomatic case | 9 | 9 | 18 | |
Mild case | 7 | 9 | 16 | |
Moderate case | 40 | 40 | 80 | |
NAbs titer | ||||
1st test (n = 82) | 41 | 41 | 82 | 1.000 |
Seronegative (<1:4) | 4 | 3 | 7 | |
Seropositive (≥1:4) | 37 | 38 | 75 | |
GMT1st test | 1:23.21 | |||
2nd test (n = 84) | 39 | 45 | 84 | 0.292 |
Seronegative (<1:4) | 6 | 3 | 9 | |
Seropositive (≥1:4) | 33 | 42 | 75 | |
GMT2nd test | 1:17.09 | |||
Average duration of disease (days) | 25.06 | 22.87 | 23.90 | 0.258 |
Downtrend Curve 1 | Uptrend Curve 2 | Unconverted Curve 3 | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 10 | 27 | 17 | 0.302 | |
Male | 7 | 12 | 7 | ||
Female | 3 | 15 | 10 | ||
Age (years) | 39.00 (30.00–49.00) | 43.00 (31.50–51.00) | 22.50 (16.00–36.25) | 0.026 a* | |
Clinical classification | Asymptomatic case | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0.003 b* |
Mild case | 2 | 3 | 5 | ||
Moderate case | 1 | 18 | 11 | ||
Duration of disease | 20.69 | 27.88 | 29.89 | 0.015 c* |
SAlpha (n = 3) | SBeta (n = 3) | SDelta (n = 31) | SOmicron (n = 25) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Median Age, years | 39 | 47 | 44 | 35 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 2 | 3 | 12 | 4 |
Female | 1 | 0 | 19 | 21 |
Vaccination history | ||||
Non-vaccinees | 3 | 3 | 19 | 1 |
1st dose | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
2nd dose | 0 | 0 | 5 | 9 |
3rd dose | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
GMTs | ||||
VWild | 50.4 | 5.85 | 25.60 | 263.55 |
VAlpha | 25.20 | 1.00 | 16.62 | 256.34 |
VBeta | 31.75 | 7.94 | 12.06 | 164.50 |
VGamma | 80.00 | 40.00 | 87.48 | 572.82 |
VDelta | 31.75 | 3.42 | 101.57 | 223.16 |
VOmicron | 2.15 | 1.71 | 3.19 | 102.67 |
Vaccination History | GMTs of SDelta (n = 31) | Vaccination History | GMTs of SOmicron (n = 25) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VWild | VAlpha | VBeta | VGamma | VDelta | VOmicron | VWild | VAlpha | VBeta | VGamma | VDelta | VOmicron | ||
Non-vaccinees (n = 19) | 18.84 | 24.32 | 19.54 | 115.22 | 160 | 4.78 | Non-vaccinees (n = 1) | 160 | 160 | 20 | 160 | 160 | 40 |
1st dose (n = 7) | 63.57 | 5.72 | 3.38 | 24.38 | 23.61 | 1.26 | 1st dose (n = 1) | 10 | 160 | 160 | 320 | 80 | 40 |
2nd dose (n = 5) | 22.97 | 17.41 | 11.49 | 183.79 | 139.29 | 2.51 | 2nd dose (n = 9) | 296.28 | 320 | 217.73 | 507.97 | 217.73 | 93.32 |
3rd dose (n = 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3rd dose (n = 14) | 320 | 237.76 | 160 | 706.62 | 249.83 | 124.91 |
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Liang, D.; Zhang, G.; Huang, M.; Wang, L.; Hong, W.; Li, A.; Liang, Y.; Wang, T.; Lu, J.; Ou, M.; et al. Progress of the COVID-19: Persistence, Effectiveness, and Immune Escape of the Neutralizing Antibody in Convalescent Serum. Pathogens 2022, 11, 1531. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121531
Liang D, Zhang G, Huang M, Wang L, Hong W, Li A, Liang Y, Wang T, Lu J, Ou M, et al. Progress of the COVID-19: Persistence, Effectiveness, and Immune Escape of the Neutralizing Antibody in Convalescent Serum. Pathogens. 2022; 11(12):1531. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121531
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Dan, Guanting Zhang, Mingxing Huang, Li Wang, Wenshan Hong, An’an Li, Yufeng Liang, Tao Wang, Jiahui Lu, Mengdang Ou, and et al. 2022. "Progress of the COVID-19: Persistence, Effectiveness, and Immune Escape of the Neutralizing Antibody in Convalescent Serum" Pathogens 11, no. 12: 1531. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121531