Comparison of Serological and Molecular Assays for Bartonella Species in Dogs with Hemangiosarcoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Methods
4.1. Study Design and Sample Sources
4.2. Bartonella Detection Methods
4.3. Study Size and Statistical Methods
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Positive Dogs (n = 90) | % Sensitivity (95% CI) | % Specificity (95% CI) | Dogs Positive Solely by This Method | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RE-LCA | CRS | RE-LCA | CRS | |||
Individual molecular tests | ||||||
Blood qPCR | 0 | -- | 0 (0–5.2) | -- | NA | 0 |
Blood ddPCR | 25 | 38 (25–54) | 36 (26–47) | 92 (80–100) | 100 (89–100) | 0 |
Tissue ddPCR | 50 | 78 (65–98) | 71 (60–81) | 88 (70–100) | 94 (79–98) | 2 |
Tissue qPCR | 56 | 94 (79–100) | 80 (69–88) | 100 (71–100) | 87 (71–95) | 4 |
Individual serology tests | ||||||
IFA | 6 | 4 (0–9) | 8.6 (4.0–18) | 88 (72–100) | 100 (89–100) | 0 |
WB | 30 | 36 (23–49) | 43 (32–55) | 72 (50–89) | 84 (67–93) | 5 |
Combinations of tests | ||||||
Any serology test | 32 | -- | 46 (35–57) | -- | 84 (67–93) | -- |
Any molecular test | 64 | -- | 91 (83–96) | -- | 81 (64–91) | -- |
Tissue qPCR + IFA (in parallel) | 60 | -- | 86 (76–92) | -- | 87 (71–95) | -- |
Any of the six assays (CRS sensitivity) | 70 | -- | reference | -- | 65 (47–79) | -- |
2 or more of the six assays (CRS specificity) | 59 | -- | 84 (74–91) | -- | reference | -- |
Assay Result | Number of Dogs | Probability of Classification | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Result summary | Blood ddPCR | Tissue qPCR | Tissue ddPCR | IFA | WB | Observed | Expected | Infected | Not infected |
Blood ddPCR + Tissue qPCR + Tissue ddPCR only positive | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 9.7 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
All positive except IFA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 7.3 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
Tissue qPCR + Tissue ddPCR only positive | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 16.4 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
Tissue qPCR + Tissue ddPCR + WB only positive | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 8.8 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
Blood ddPCR + Tissue qPCR only positive | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
Blood ddPCR + Tissue qPCR + WB only positive | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1.3 | 0.999 | 0.001 |
Tissue qPCR + Tissue ddPCR + IFA only positive | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.999 | 0.001 |
Tissue qPCR only positive | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5.9 | 0.999 | 0.001 |
All positive except blood ddPCR | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.998 | 0.002 |
Tissue qPCR + WB only positive | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2.2 | 0.998 | 0.002 |
Blood ddPCR + Tissue ddPCR only positive | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.6 | 0.720 | 0.280 |
Tissue ddPCR only positive | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2.9 | 0.410 | 0.590 |
Blood ddPCR + WB only positive | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.099 | 0.901 |
Tissue ddPCR + IFA only positive | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.059 | 0.941 |
Tissue ddPCR + IFA + WB only positive | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.044 | 0.956 |
All assays negative | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 17.4 | 0.037 | 0.963 |
WB only positive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 5.9 | 0.027 | 0.973 |
Blood ddPCR + IFA + WB only positive | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.010 | 0.990 |
IFA + WB only positive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.003 | 0.997 |
Tissue qPCR Result | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | ||
Tissue ddPCR result | Positive | 44 (49%) | 6 (6.7%) |
Negative | 12 (13%) | 28 (31%) |
IFA Result | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | ||
WB result | Positive | 4 (4.4%) | 26 (29%) |
Negative | 2 (2.2%) | 58 (64%) |
Molecular Result | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | ||
Serology result | Positive | 26 (29%) | 6 (6.7%) |
Negative | 38 (42%) | 20 (22%) |
Tissue Molecular Result | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | ||
Blood molecular result | Positive | 23 | 2 |
Negative | 39 | 26 |
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Lashnits, E.; Neupane, P.; Bradley, J.M.; Richardson, T.; Maggi, R.G.; Breitschwerdt, E.B. Comparison of Serological and Molecular Assays for Bartonella Species in Dogs with Hemangiosarcoma. Pathogens 2021, 10, 794. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070794
Lashnits E, Neupane P, Bradley JM, Richardson T, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. Comparison of Serological and Molecular Assays for Bartonella Species in Dogs with Hemangiosarcoma. Pathogens. 2021; 10(7):794. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070794
Chicago/Turabian StyleLashnits, Erin, Pradeep Neupane, Julie M. Bradley, Toni Richardson, Ricardo G. Maggi, and Edward B. Breitschwerdt. 2021. "Comparison of Serological and Molecular Assays for Bartonella Species in Dogs with Hemangiosarcoma" Pathogens 10, no. 7: 794. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070794