Updates on Geographical Dispersion of Leishmania Parasites Causing Cutaneous Affections in Algeria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples and Clinic
2.2. Molecular Diagnosis and Typing
2.3. Sequencing and Typing of Leishmania Isolates
3. Results
4. Discussion
Clinico-Epidemiological Form | Zymodemes | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Vector | Reservoir | ||
ZCL | MON-25 (L. major) MON-269 (L. major) | MON-25 (P. papatasi) MON-269 (P. papatasi) | MON-25 (Psammomys obesus) MON-269 (Psammomys obesus, Meriones shawi) | [9,10,45,58,59] |
ACL | MON-301 (L. tropica) MON-306 (L. tropica) | - | - | [13,45,60] |
SCL | MON-1 * (L. infantum) MON-24 * (L. infantum) MON-80 * (L. infantum) | MON-24 * (P. perfilliewi) | - | [22,61] |
ZVL | MON-1 (L. infantum) MON-24 (L. infantum) MON-33 (L. infantum) MON-34 (L. infantum) MON-77 (L. infantum) MON-78 (L. infantum) MON-80 (L. infantum) MON-281 (L. infantum) | MON-1 (P. perniciosus) MON-24 (P. perfilliewi) | MON-1 (Canis familiaris, Canis aureus) MON-24 (Canis familiaris) MON-34 (Canis familiaris) MON-77 (Canis familiaris) MON-80 (Canis familiaris) MON-281 (Canis familiaris) | [6,61,62,63,64] |
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients | Lesions | Leishmania Diagnosis | Geographical Location | Explanation | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient Code | Sex | Age (Year) | Number | Site | Microscopy | PCR–RFLP/Sequencing | City | Elevation (m) * | Rainfall (mm) | Bioclimatic Stage ** | Disease or Travel History |
AVC1 | M | 39 | 1 | Neck | + | +/L. major | Ain skhouna | 995 | 87 | Cold semi-arid | |
AVC2 | M | 30 | 2 | Forearm, hand | + | +/L. major | Biskra | 121 | 128 | Arid (Desertic) | |
AVC3 | M | 41 | 1 | Ankle | + | +/L. major | Biskra | ||||
AVC4 | F | 5 | 1 | Face | + | +/L. major | Bourkika | 203 | 642 | Mediterranean | |
AVC5 | M | 59 | 1 | Ankle | + | +/L. major | Bou Kremissa | 328 | 201 | Cold semi-arid | |
AVC6 | F | 9 | 1 | Foot | + | +/L. major | Bou Saada | 48 | 98 | Arid (Desertic) | |
AVC7 | M | 69 | 1 | Forearm | + | +/L. infantum | Cherchell | 26 | 108 | Mediterranean | |
AVC8 | M | 49 | 1 | Foot | + | +/L. major | Chlef | 114 | 394 | Mediterranean | Diabetic |
AVC9 | F | 7 | 1 | Forehead | + | +/L. tropica | Constantine | 694 | 512 | Mediterranean | |
AVC10 | F | 27 | 2 | Foot | + | +/L. major | El M’hir | 619 | 329 | Mediterranean | |
AVC11 | F | 16 | 1 | Face | + | +/L. tropica | Ghardaïa | 497 | 68 | Arid (Desertic) | |
AVC12 | F | 70 | 1 | Foot | - | - | Gouraya | 670 | 642 | Mediterranean | |
AVC13 | M | 50 | 1 | Forearm | - | - | Hadjout | 81 | 635 | Warm temperate | |
AVC14 | M | 29 | 1 | Hand | + | +/L. major | Hadjout | ||||
AVC15 | M | 41 | 3 | Foot, hand | + | +/L. major | Hadjout | ||||
AVC16 | M | 79 | 1 | Ankle | + | +/L. major | Maghnia | 374 | 365 | Warm temperate | Travel to Morocco |
AVC17 | F | 74 | 1 | Forearm | + | +/L. major | Médéa | 981 | 736 | Warm temperate | Diabetic, nephrotic disorder |
AVC18 | M | 10 | 1 | Cheek | + | +/L. major | Menaceur | 321 | 661 | Warm temperate | 2 months inhabitation in Biskra |
AVC19 | M | 64 | 1 | Neck | + | +/L. major | Mesaad | 592 | 69 | Arid (Desertic) | |
AVC20 | F | 4 | 1 | Foot | + | +/L. major | Mostaganem | 104 | 347 | Cold semi-arid | Travel to M’Sila |
AVC21 | F | 3 | 2 | Cheek, foot | + | +/L. major | M’Sila | 471 | 229 | Cold semi-arid | |
AVC22 | M | 18 | 1 | Cheek | + | +/L. major | Nador | 42 | 313 | Semi-arid | Travel to Biskra |
AVC23 | M | 82 | 1 | Neck | - | +/L. major | Oran | 0.9 | 370 | Warm temperate | Travel to Tunisia |
AVC24 | M | 28 | 1 | Forearm | + | +/L. major | Saida | 830 | 341 | Cold semi-arid | |
AVC25 | F | 36 | 1 | Cheek | - | - | Sidi Ghiles | 30 | 634 | Mediterranean | |
AVC26 | F | 14 | 1 | Hand | - | +/L. major | Sidi Okba | 54 | 127 | Arid (Desertic) | |
AVC27 | M | 11 | 1 | Foot | + | +/L. infantum | Tizi Ouzu | 200 | 705 | Mediterranean |
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Izri, A.; Bendjaballah-Laliam, A.; Sereno, D.; Akhoundi, M. Updates on Geographical Dispersion of Leishmania Parasites Causing Cutaneous Affections in Algeria. Pathogens 2021, 10, 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030267
Izri A, Bendjaballah-Laliam A, Sereno D, Akhoundi M. Updates on Geographical Dispersion of Leishmania Parasites Causing Cutaneous Affections in Algeria. Pathogens. 2021; 10(3):267. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030267
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzri, Arezki, Amina Bendjaballah-Laliam, Denis Sereno, and Mohammad Akhoundi. 2021. "Updates on Geographical Dispersion of Leishmania Parasites Causing Cutaneous Affections in Algeria" Pathogens 10, no. 3: 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030267
APA StyleIzri, A., Bendjaballah-Laliam, A., Sereno, D., & Akhoundi, M. (2021). Updates on Geographical Dispersion of Leishmania Parasites Causing Cutaneous Affections in Algeria. Pathogens, 10(3), 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030267