Active Empathic Listening Scale (AELS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Active Empathic Listening
2.3.2. Active Listening
2.3.3. Demographic Information
2.4. Translation
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
- Είμαι ευαίσθητος/η σε ό,τι οι άλλοι δεν εκφράζουν με λόγια.
- Έχω επίγνωση αυτού που οι άλλοι υπονοούν αλλά δεν εκφράζουν με λόγια.
- Κατανοώ το πώς αισθάνονται οι άλλοι.
- Έχω τις αισθήσεις μου ανοιχτές για κάτι περισσότερο από αυτά που λέγονται με λόγια.
- Διαβεβαιώνω τους άλλους ότι θα θυμάμαι αυτό που μου λένε.
- Συνοψίζω τα σημεία συμφωνίας και διαφωνίας την κατάλληλη στιγμή.
- Κρατώ στο νου μου τα θέματα που επισημαίνουν οι άλλοι.
- Διαβεβαιώνω τους άλλους ότι τους ακούω χρησιμοποιώντας λεκτικές επιβεβαιώσεις/επιφωνήματα (π.χ.: Μμ, Χμ, κ. λπ.)
- Διαβεβαιώνω τους άλλους ότι είμαι δεκτικός/η στις ιδέες τους.
- Κάνω ερωτήσεις που δείχνουν ότι κατανοώ τις θέσεις των άλλων.
- Δείχνω στους άλλους ότι τους ακούω χρησιμοποιώντας τη γλώσσα του σώματος (π.χ. με νεύματα κεφαλής).
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N (%) | |
---|---|
Sex | |
Men | 1108 (28.0) |
Women | 2847 (72.0) |
Age, mean (SD) | 43.3 (8.9) |
Married | |
No | 1329 (33.6) |
Yes | 2626 (66.4) |
Children | |
No | 1317 (33.3) |
Yes | 2638 (66.7) |
Highest degree | |
Bachelor | 2552 (64.5) |
Masters | 1216 (30.7) |
PhD | 187 (4.7) |
Years of teaching, mean (SD) | 15.5 (8.4) |
Number of residents in the area of teaching | |
At most 1999 | 442 (11.2) |
2000 to 9999 | 833 (21.1) |
10,000 to 250,000 | 1916 (48.4) |
More than 250,000 | 764 (19.3) |
Type of school | |
Public | 3344 (84.6) |
Private | 611 (15.4) |
Working status | |
Part time | 471 (11.9) |
Full time | 3484 (88.1) |
In case of work in public school | |
Substitute teacher | 437 (13.4) |
Permanent teacher | 2833 (86.6) |
Principle | |
No | 3443 (87.1) |
Yes | 512 (12.9) |
Years as principle, mean (SD) | 7.2 (5.6) |
Number of students in class, mean (SD) | 18.2 (9.6) |
Students in need of special education (diagnosed) | |
No | 1881 (47.6) |
Yes | 2074 (52.4) |
Students in need of special education (according to educator’s opinion) | |
No | 1174 (29.7) |
Yes | 2781 (70.3) |
Students with difficulties in speaking or apprehension | |
No | 1431 (36.2) |
Yes | 2524 (63.8) |
If yes, how many, median (IQR) | 2 (2–4) |
Having received Mental Health Promotion Training | 814 (20.6) |
Mean | SD | Median | Percentile 25 | Percentile 75 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item 1 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
Item 2 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
Item 3 | 5.4 | 0.8 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
Item 4 | 5.9 | 1.0 | 6 | 5 | 7 |
Item 5 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 5 | 4 | 6 |
Item 6 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 5 | 4 | 6 |
Item 7 | 5.6 | 1.1 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
Item 8 | 5.6 | 1.4 | 6 | 5 | 7 |
Item 9 | 5.4 | 1.2 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
Item 10 | 5.7 | 1.0 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
Item 11 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 6 | 5 | 7 |
Sensing | Responding | Processing | |
---|---|---|---|
I am sensitive to what others are not saying | 0.75 | 0.22 | 0.09 |
I am aware of what others imply but do not say | 0.83 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
I understand how others feel | 0.77 | 0.14 | 0.22 |
I listen for more than just the spoken words | 0.74 | 0.19 | 0.31 |
I assure others that I will remember what they say | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.77 |
I summarize points of agreement and disagreement when appropriate | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.80 |
I keep track of points others make | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.69 |
I assure others that I am listening by using verbal acknowledgements. | 0.13 | 0.77 | 0.16 |
I assure others that I am receptive to their ideas | 0.14 | 0.73 | 0.33 |
I ask questions that show my understanding of others’ positions | 0.23 | 0.74 | 0.31 |
I show others that I am listening by my body language (e.g., head nods) | 0.24 | 0.83 | 0.09 |
Cumulative % variance explained | 24.4 | 48.4 | 67.7 |
Corrected Item-Total Correlation | Cronbach’s Alpha If Item Deleted | Cronbach’s Alpha | Mean (SD) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sensing | ||||
Item 1 | 0.60 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 5.6 (0.8) |
Item 2 | 0.72 | 0.74 | ||
Item 3 | 0.63 | 0.79 | ||
Item 4 | 0.68 | 0.76 | ||
Processing | ||||
Item 5 | 0.55 | 0.73 | 0.76 | 5.3 (1.0) |
Item 6 | 0.63 | 0.62 | ||
Item 7 | 0.60 | 0.67 | ||
Responding | ||||
Item 8 | 0.60 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 5.7 (0.9) |
Item 9 | 0.64 | 0.77 | ||
Item 10 | 0.67 | 0.77 | ||
Item 11 | 0.70 | 0.75 |
Sensing | Processing | Responding | |
---|---|---|---|
Sensing | 0.50 | 0.46 | |
Processing | 0.54 | ||
Listening attitude | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.17 |
Listening skill | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.42 |
Conversation opportunity | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.22 |
Sensing | Processing | Responding | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | |
Sex | ||||||
Men | 5.37 (0.86) | <0.001 * | 5.23 (1.05) | 0.021 * | 5.46 (1) | <0.001 * |
Women | 5.64 (0.78) | 5.32 (1) | 5.77 (0.89) | |||
Age, r + | 0.05 | 0.002 | 0.08 | <0.001 | 0.08 | <0.001 |
Years of teaching, r + | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.150 |
Principal | ||||||
No | 5.55 (0.82) | 0.001 * | 5.26 (1.02) | <0.001 * | 5.68 (0.93) | 0.096 * |
Yes | 5.67 (0.77) | 5.5 (0.96) | 5.75 (0.96) | |||
Mental Health Promotion Training | ||||||
No | 5.52(0.83) | <0.001 | 5.26(1.02) | <0.001 | 5.64(0.95) | <0.001 |
Yes | 5.73(0.74) | 5.42 (0.97) | 5.86(0.87) |
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Share and Cite
Kourmousi, N.; Kounenou, K.; Tsitsas, G.; Yotsidi, V.; Merakou, K.; Barbouni, A.; Koutras, V. Active Empathic Listening Scale (AELS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators. Soc. Sci. 2017, 6, 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6040113
Kourmousi N, Kounenou K, Tsitsas G, Yotsidi V, Merakou K, Barbouni A, Koutras V. Active Empathic Listening Scale (AELS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators. Social Sciences. 2017; 6(4):113. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6040113
Chicago/Turabian StyleKourmousi, Ntina, Kalliopi Kounenou, George Tsitsas, Vasiliki Yotsidi, Kyriakoula Merakou, Anastasia Barbouni, and Vasilios Koutras. 2017. "Active Empathic Listening Scale (AELS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators" Social Sciences 6, no. 4: 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6040113
APA StyleKourmousi, N., Kounenou, K., Tsitsas, G., Yotsidi, V., Merakou, K., Barbouni, A., & Koutras, V. (2017). Active Empathic Listening Scale (AELS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators. Social Sciences, 6(4), 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6040113