Gender Is the Name of the Frame: Understanding Gender through the Lens of Relational Frame Theory
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Overview of Relational Frame Theory
3. Gender and Social Categorization According to RFT
4. Gender Terms as Sources of Contextual Control
5. An RFT Account of Gender and Rule-Governed Behavior
- The rule must be understood (i.e., the listener must have the requisite repertoires of relational framing);
- The process of transformation of functions will influence how and in what context stimuli will function as rules (i.e., whether the rule is followed or not);
- Many environmental variables determine the likelihood of following a rule, including the listener’s history of rule-following, features of the rule itself, the source of the rule, and other elements of the current context.
6. Influencing Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding
7. Call to Action
7.1. Moving beyond Binary and Isolated Gender Categorization
7.2. Understanding Gender in the Context of Systems of Power and Privilege
7.3. Considering Alternative Measures
7.4. Developing Behavioral Accounts of Gendered Relational Networks
7.5. Addressing Gender Bias and Discrimination
7.6. Promoting Gender-Affirming Experiences
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
1 | Stimulus equivalence demonstrates how people may learn to respond similarly to two or more stimuli that have become related despite not sharing identical physical features nor having been directly reinforced. For example, if a child is trained to understand the word “dog”, then they are trained to point to a picture of a dog when they hear the word “dog”, they will derive that the picture of a dog means the same as the spoken word “dog”. If they are further trained to point to the written word “dog” when they see the picture of the dog, they will derive that the written word “dog” is the same as the spoken word “dog” (see Sidman 1971). For more details on stimulus equivalence, see Sidman (1994). |
2 | In behavior analysis, appetitive control describes the presence of appetitive functional relations between behavior and the context in which a behavior occurs (Louisiana Contextual Science Research Group 2023). Such functional relations involve stimuli or events that the organism will work to access or are “desirable”. Such stimuli are often termed “positive reinforcers”, where positive reinforcement refers to a process that results in increasing the probability or frequency of a behavior occurring due to increased contact with appetitive contexts or consequences. In contrast to aversive control, appetitive control supports broad flexible repertoires of behavior that are more sensitive to changing contingencies and result in the subjective experience of “freedom” or choice (Goldiamond 1975, 1976; Ming et al. 2023). |
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Farrell, L.; Mizael, T.M.; Gould, E.R. Gender Is the Name of the Frame: Understanding Gender through the Lens of Relational Frame Theory. Soc. Sci. 2023, 12, 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12100532
Farrell L, Mizael TM, Gould ER. Gender Is the Name of the Frame: Understanding Gender through the Lens of Relational Frame Theory. Social Sciences. 2023; 12(10):532. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12100532
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarrell, Lynn, Táhcita M. Mizael, and Evelyn R. Gould. 2023. "Gender Is the Name of the Frame: Understanding Gender through the Lens of Relational Frame Theory" Social Sciences 12, no. 10: 532. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12100532