Seismic Strengthening of the Bagh Durbar Heritage Building in Kathmandu Following the Gorkha Earthquake Sequence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Overview of the Damage
- Irregular building shape in plan (courtyard with wings, unequal bay-width) and room shape (long-rectangular and inclined)
- Story height is more than 3 m, and the building is a three-storied brick in mud-mortar construction
- Outside walls/corridors are relatively long (>10m)
- Lack of vertical reinforcement in the walls, corners, and junctions
- Lack of horizontal bands, corner-stitch, and gable bands in the structure
- Flexible floors with variation in the floor-system and floor levels without effective bracing
3. Structural Assessment
3.1. Qualitative Evaluation
3.2. Material Characterization
3.3. Analytical Modeling
4. Design of Structural Restoration and Seismic Strengthening
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Test Results | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Shear strength of masonry wall | 0.1 MPa, 0.1 MPa, and 0.08 MPa for ground floor (GF), first floor (FF), and second floor (SF) | Two tests were carried out on each floor and the average value was taken. Due to lesser dead load, the value was low at the top floor, while because of slight damp conditions, the value did not increase on ground floor. |
Compressive strength of brick | 6.63 MPa, 1.14 MPa and 5.3 MPa for three units | There was restriction in obtaining more samples, thus, 3.5 MPa bricks were considered to match the categorization. |
Compressive strength of mortar | Varied from 0.1 MPa to 0.32 MPa in 11 locations | Though not accurate, a penetrometer test was conducted that gave an average strength of 0.18 MPa. |
Wall core and bonding type | All walls were solid English bond was found | All walls were identified to be solid brick walls as observed at the test and damage locations. |
Foundation | Masonry strip footing with base width of 1700 mm | Excavation was done in two locations. Stepping was found to be done to increase the width of footing at the base, increasing 50 mm in width at each side at every 150-mm depth. |
Mode | Period (sec) | Modal Mass Participation Ratio in x-direction | Modal Mass Participation Ratio in y-direction |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.295 | 0.450 | 0.071 |
2 | 0.292 | 0.054 | 0.046 |
3 | 0.276 | 0.087 | 0.170 |
4 | 0.272 | 0.000 | 0.190 |
5 | 0.249 | 0.025 | 0.038 |
6 | 0.242 | 0.014 | 0.051 |
7 | 0.228 | 0.001 | 0.060 |
8 | 0.222 | 0.008 | 0.001 |
9 | 0.200 | 0.050 | 0.006 |
10 | 0.199 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
11 | 0.198 | 0.001 | 0.007 |
12 | 0.198 | 0.000 | 0.060 |
13 | 0.187 | 0.011 | 0.015 |
14 | 0.181 | 0.011 | 0.007 |
15 | 0.167 | 0.001 | 0.008 |
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Adhikari, R.; Jha, P.; Gautam, D.; Fabbrocino, G. Seismic Strengthening of the Bagh Durbar Heritage Building in Kathmandu Following the Gorkha Earthquake Sequence. Buildings 2019, 9, 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050128
Adhikari R, Jha P, Gautam D, Fabbrocino G. Seismic Strengthening of the Bagh Durbar Heritage Building in Kathmandu Following the Gorkha Earthquake Sequence. Buildings. 2019; 9(5):128. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050128
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdhikari, Rabindra, Pratyush Jha, Dipendra Gautam, and Giovanni Fabbrocino. 2019. "Seismic Strengthening of the Bagh Durbar Heritage Building in Kathmandu Following the Gorkha Earthquake Sequence" Buildings 9, no. 5: 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050128
APA StyleAdhikari, R., Jha, P., Gautam, D., & Fabbrocino, G. (2019). Seismic Strengthening of the Bagh Durbar Heritage Building in Kathmandu Following the Gorkha Earthquake Sequence. Buildings, 9(5), 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050128