Research on Causes of Unsafe Behaviors Among Special Operations Personnel in Building Construction Based on DEMATEL-ISM-BN

To investigate the causal factors and pathways leading to unsafe behaviors among special operation construction workers, this study employed Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) theory and case study analysis to identify causal factors across the ability, motivation, and opportunity dimensions. These factors were subsequently analyzed using an integrated approach combining the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory method, Interpretive Structural Modeling, and Bayesian Network (DEMATEL-ISM-BN). This analysis revealed the causal interrelationships, hierarchical structure, and primary causal chain for unsafe behaviors. DEMATEL results identified risk-taking propensity, weak responsibility awareness, inadequate supervision mechanisms, insufficient safety training, safety culture deficiency, uncertified operation, and safety knowledge deficiency as key causal factors. ISM results positioned safety culture deficiency, inadequate supervision mechanisms, and insufficient safety investment at the deepest level (Level 5), indicating their status as fundamental underlying causes. BN analysis determined the primary causal chain to be: Safety culture deficiency → Insufficient safety training → Safety knowledge deficiency → Uncertified operation → Risk-taking propensity. This study can provide theoretical support for the management of unsafe behaviors among special operation personnel in building construction.