The Influence of Thermal History and Air Conditioner Use Behavior Under Different Cooling Set Point Temperature Modes on Health
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Energy-Saving Policy and Health
1.2. Indoor Thermal History and Thermoregulatory Capacity
1.3. Behavior and IAQ
1.4. Study Aims
2. Methods
2.1. Experimental Scheme
2.1.1. Experimental Room
2.1.2. Subject Information
2.1.3. Test Content and Instrument
Environmental Parameter Measurement
Physiological Parameter Measurement
2.1.4. Experimental Design
Experimental Conditions
Experimental Procedure
2.2. Field Investigation Scheme
2.2.1. Buildings and Subjects
2.2.2. Investigation Content and Instruments
2.2.3. Data Collection
2.3. Data Processing
3. Results
3.1. Experimental Results: Thermal History and Thermal Responses
3.1.1. Thermal History
3.1.2. Physiological Responses
3.1.3. Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)
3.2. Field Investigation Results: Air Conditioner Use Behavior and IAQ
3.2.1. Air Conditioner Use Behavior
Air Conditioner Use Modes
Air Conditioner Use Time
3.2.2. Differences in IAQ
3.2.3. Health Risk Assessment of Formaldehyde Exposure
3.2.4. Air Quality Satisfaction
4. Discussion
4.1. Influence of Thermal History of Different SPT Modes on Physiology
4.2. Influence of Air Conditioner Use Behavior of Different SPT Modes on IAQ
4.3. Influence of Long-Term Thermal and Air History of Different SPT Modes on Air Quality Perception
4.4. Influence and Mechanisms of Different SPT Modes on Health
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender | Age | Height [cm] | Weight [kg] |
---|---|---|---|
Male (n = 6) | 21 ± 0.632 | 175.2 ± 6.881 | 77.8 ± 14.496 |
Female (n = 6) | 21.5 ± 1.761 | 162.7 ± 4.148 | 56.3 ± 3.324 |
Total (n = 12) | 21.3 ± 1.289 | 168.9 ± 8.450 | 67.0 ± 15.039 |
Instruments | Test Content | Valid Range | Accuracy |
---|---|---|---|
TR-72U, temperature and humidity recorder (manufactured by T&D Corporation, located in Matsumoto, Japan) | Ta | −10–+60 °C | ±0.3 °C |
RHin | 0–100% | ±5% | |
WFWZY-1, air velocity (manufactured by Beijing Tianjian Huayi Technology Development Company Limited, located in Beijing, China) | Va | 0.05–30 m/s | ±5% |
JTR04, temperature of the black globe tester (manufactured by Beijing Century Jiantong Technology Company Limited, located in Beijing, China; diameter: 150 mm) | Tg | 5–120 °C | ±0.5 °C |
DS1922L iButton, temperature recorder (manufactured by Maxim Integrated Products, Incorporated, located in San Jose, CA, United States) | Tsk | −40–85 °C | ±0.5 °C |
ST8306, a variety of pollutant monitoring equipment (manufactured by Smart Sensor Instrument Company Limited, located in Shenzhen, China) | CO2 | 0~5000 ppm | ±30 ppm |
SPT | Age | Height [cm] | Weight [kg] | Metabolic Rate [Met] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPT ≥ 26 °C | Mean | 32.4 | 169.2 | 64.5 | 1.0 |
Max | 59.0 | 186.0 | 115.0 | 1.2 | |
Min | 21.0 | 151.0 | 43.0 | 1.0 | |
Std | ±8.8 | ±7.8 | ±11.3 | ±0.03 | |
SPT < 26 °C | Mean | 28.6 | 171.4 | 66.8 | 1.0 |
Max | 56.0 | 189.0 | 118.0 | 1.2 | |
Min | 20.0 | 153.0 | 43.0 | 0.8 | |
Std | ±14.2 | ±7.8 | ±12.9 | ±0.02 |
Instrument | Test Content | Valid Range | Accuracy |
---|---|---|---|
ST8306, a variety of pollutant monitoring equipment (manufactured by Smart Sensor Instrument Company Limited, located in Shenzhen, China) | CO2 | 0–5000 ppm | ±30 ppm |
Formaldehyde | 0–2 ppm | ±0.01 ppm | |
PM2.5 | 0–500 μg/m3 | ±10% | |
JT-IAQ, indoor thermal comfort tester (manufactured by Beijing Century Jiantong Technology Company Limited, located in Beijing, China) | Ta | 1–60 °C | ±0.2 °C |
RHin | 10–98% | ±1.5% | |
Va | 0.05–5 m/s | ±(0.03 m/s + 2% reading) | |
Tg | 1–60 °C | ±0.3 °C |
Time/min | Mean Actual Skin Temperature [°C] | Predicted Mean Skin Temperature [°C] | p |
---|---|---|---|
20 | 32.64 | 32.55 | 0.549 |
25 | 32.44 | 32.29 | 0.345 |
30 | 32.26 | 31.72 | 0.007 |
40 | 32.00 | 31.19 | 0.000 |
50 | 31.66 | 30.89 | 0.001 |
60 | 31.32 | 30.20 | 0.000 |
70 | 31.02 | 29.87 | 0.000 |
Groups | Min | Max | Mean | Std |
H group | 0.43 × 10−4 | 4.75 × 10−4 | 1.36 × 10−4 | ±0.60 × 10−4 |
L group | 0.24 × 10−4 | 10.29 × 10−4 | 1.43 × 10−4 | ±0.91 × 10−4 |
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Shi, F.; Li, N.; Yan, H. The Influence of Thermal History and Air Conditioner Use Behavior Under Different Cooling Set Point Temperature Modes on Health. Buildings 2025, 15, 2211. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132211
Shi F, Li N, Yan H. The Influence of Thermal History and Air Conditioner Use Behavior Under Different Cooling Set Point Temperature Modes on Health. Buildings. 2025; 15(13):2211. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132211
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Fangning, Nianping Li, and Haiyan Yan. 2025. "The Influence of Thermal History and Air Conditioner Use Behavior Under Different Cooling Set Point Temperature Modes on Health" Buildings 15, no. 13: 2211. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132211
APA StyleShi, F., Li, N., & Yan, H. (2025). The Influence of Thermal History and Air Conditioner Use Behavior Under Different Cooling Set Point Temperature Modes on Health. Buildings, 15(13), 2211. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132211