Resident Satisfaction in Eco-Friendly Housing: Informing Sustainable Decision-Making in Urban Development

Abstract

The study examines how design quality, indoor air quality, and energy efficiency affect customer satisfaction in eco-friendly houses in Shanghai, China. Further, it examines how environmental awareness mediates community participation and resident satisfaction. A stratified sampling technique is used to collect the data from 742 eligible respondents in public and private eco-residential complexes. The results show that design, air quality, and energy efficiency improve customer satisfaction. At the same time, community engagement partially mediates these correlations, stressing the importance of social cohesion in enhancing residential area quality. Environmental awareness moderated the effects and boosted the happiness benefits of energy efficiency and indoor air quality. This research uses a comprehensive framework that includes psychological, environmental, and social components to make it stand out. Instead of studying green housing benefits in general, it accomplishes this inside China’s urban sustainability program. The results help policymakers, urban planners, and housing authorities make megacity green housing more desirable and livable.

1. Introduction

Green housing refers to homes that reduce environmental impact during design and construction. One concept encompasses energy efficiency, resource conservation, and pollution reduction [1]. Eco-friendly housing is a type of residential construction that reduces its environmental impact, consumes less energy, and provides a better living environment for its inhabitants [2]. Its design and construction use sustainable materials and methods. The appliances in these houses are energy-efficient, the building materials are sustainable, there is higher indoor air quality, and the houses are part of environmental community initiatives. Modern technology and architectural designs combined ensure that the residents of such homes live a sustainable life [3]. Environmental targets and new ways for humans to interact with nature are supported by the homes. Green housing has become one of the most critical forces in contemporary urban development, owing to the fact that it represents an inevitable transition in the construction industry.

International concerns about global warming, congestion, and resource depletion have increased demand for eco-friendly housing [4]. Green housing, which is energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and healthier, supports sustainable urban growth. Although many countries have adopted eco-friendly housing methods, their implementation varies [5]. China has accomplished much in green urban initiatives despite environmental problems and urbanization. Shanghai is one of China’s most populated and economically vibrant cities, leading the nation in green housing development. The city now requires green building certification, offers financial incentives for renewable energy consumption, and has community-based sustainability initiatives [6]. Due to its unique qualities, Shanghai is a model for examining how eco-friendly housing influences family satisfaction, environmental policy, and urban planning. This study links environmental imperatives to urban solutions by integrating worldwide conversations with Shanghai’s innovations.

Haghani et al. [7] indicated that this innovative construction design method aims to create peaceful bonds among human buildings and their surrounding natural environments. The building approach of green housing advances beyond traditional physical structures through efficient designs, the use of sustainable materials, and collective sustainability programs. Their goal is to build spaces that improve people’s lives—not just physically, but in everyday experiences, and those are the spaces they are interested in, not just in physical places. It marks significant progress in urban growth since urban planners have begun to focus on creating environments that connect people and nature and protect our environment [8]. This research explores the various elements that drive the attractiveness of eco-friendly housing in Shanghai, as well as strategies for effective consumer satisfaction solutions. The research investigates the knowledge gap about sustainable urban dwellings through the analysis of environmental scientific dynamics and eco-friendly resident practices. According to Wang et al. [9], evaluating resident satisfaction with green housing remains essential for Shanghai because it serves as China’s biggest metropolis as well as a worldwide financial centre. The urban centre supports more than 24 million residents.

Shanghai was selected for the study’s central site because of its unique green housing and sustainable urban development initiatives in China. Shanghai, one of the country’s most populous and economically advanced cities, faces environmental issues such as high energy use, urban growth, and air pollution [10]. Due to these issues, the city government has passed many ecologically friendly laws to make the city a global model for sustainable urban living. One significant program is the “Shanghai Green Building Evaluation Standard”, which demands energy-saving, water-saving, and eco-friendly elements in residential construction [11]. Through this initiative, the city has promoted green construction. The Shanghai Bureau of Urban Planning and Land Resources also promotes low-carbon communities and smart houses with renewable energy, smart air conditioning, and eco-friendly waste disposal systems [12].

Shanghai’s municipal policy framework incorporates ecological design, making it ideal for studying resident contentment in eco-friendly buildings. Shanghai’s economic, communal, and regulatory objectives include green urbanism, which sets it apart from other big cities [13]. The city’s diversified population, excellent infrastructure, and rapid real estate development provide flexible living and social experiences in eco-friendly residences. The study examines people’s opinions in this ever-changing and policy-rich milieu to illuminate the relationship between green policy implementation and urban livability. Shanghai was selected as a case study because of its empirical relevance and eco-innovation leadership, setting a compelling example for other cities seeking sustainability goals.

The extensive green housing programs in Shanghai serve as a vital setting for studying consumer satisfaction with green buildings [14]. These initiatives address the requirements of both ecological management and sustainability. Shanghai’s urban environment attracts interest in environmentally friendly residences by bringing together cultural, economic, and traditional elements in its urban setting. Identifying the factors that influence green homeowners’ satisfaction proves difficult, as environmentally sustainable lifestyles have become increasingly common. The study faces several unanswered questions about the performance of sustainability programs at the community level, the role of design satisfaction, and how individual viewpoints interact with group dynamics. The analysis of sustainability initiatives becomes complicated due to both visible indicators—such as energy efficiency and environmental impact—and less obvious variables mentioned in research [15]. Green home living requires a detailed analysis of multiple influencing variables that affect resident well-being. The construction of sustainable buildings must be paired with the creation of suitable living spaces that address the specific needs of homeowners.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed Shanghai residents’ housing needs and lifestyles. Wang et al. [16] showed how the pandemic has affected subjective well-being and resilience. Due to these changes, more individuals seek houses that meet their individual and community needs. Residents’ expectations and attachments to their houses have evolved as they spend more time at home and vary their daily routines. This experience is necessary to understand eco-friendly homebuyers’ happiness. The study aims to comprehensively investigate the intricate features of green housing complexes to better customize them to the needs and preferences of their residents. It addresses three primary research themes around the intricate connections between individuals and their natural environments. The first research question (RQ1) is as follows:

RQ1. 

How do purchasers of environmentally friendly residences in Shanghai evaluate the energy efficiency, indoor air quality (IAQ), neighbourhood initiatives for ecological preservation, and overall satisfaction with the architectural design of their homes?

To optimize the design and function of green homes, a comprehensive knowledge of the many factors that impact customer pleasure is necessary. This research aims to identify the specific aspects that significantly influence overall satisfaction to assist real estate developers, urban planners, and legislators in prioritizing and enhancing the features that contribute most to the happiness of inhabitants. The response to this inquiry might inform the development of forthcoming environmentally sustainable residences in a manner that adequately addresses the preferences and requirements of the local population. The second research question (RQ2) is as follows:

RQ2. 

What is the role of community engagement in moderating the relationship between the satisfaction of green home purchasers and eco-friendly community initiatives in Shanghai?

The sense of community inside residential communities is a crucial determinant of residents’ happiness. The main objective of this research subject is to examine the role of a sense of community in the link between consumer satisfaction, eco-friendly community initiatives, and indoor air quality. This study aims to explore the social dynamics within green communities. The social dynamics of green living communities may be better understood by examining the mediating role of community. These results suggest that implementing community-building efforts might enhance individuals’ sense of connection to others and their sense of belonging to their community, ultimately leading to increased happiness. The third and final research question (RQ3) is as follows:

RQ3. 

How does eco-awareness impact the interrelationships among green homes in Shanghai regarding energy efficiency, indoor air quality (IAQ), community initiatives for environmental sustainability, and customer satisfaction?

The perception of greenhouse components is heavily influenced by individuals’ ideas and levels of environmental consciousness. How might environmental awareness influence the relationships between key attributes and customer satisfaction? This work seeks to address this particular problem. The primary objective of the research is to shed light on the intricate correlation between residents’ environmental awareness and the impact of design satisfaction on their level of pleasure by examining the moderating influence. The results of this study are crucial for creating more precise and effective strategies in green housing projects, which will attract individuals with varying levels of environmental consciousness.

The study seeks to elucidate the intricate dynamics of customer satisfaction in green homes in Shanghai through three primary objectives derived from the research inquiries:

• To ascertain consumer satisfaction levels in Shanghai green homes by considering factors such as energy efficiency, indoor air quality, overall design satisfaction, eco-friendly community actions, and their collective influences.
• To examine the impact of a sense of belonging on the relationship between independent variables and customer happiness, with the mediating role of community.
• To examine the moderating effect of eco-awareness on the relationships between independent variables and consumer satisfaction.

The study uses an integrated approach that considers environmental, social, and psychological elements, unlike earlier studies that focused on financial or technical aspects of green buildings. It examines how home design, indoor air quality, and energy efficiency affect resident satisfaction, using community connection as a mediating variable and environmental awareness as a moderating variable. Comprehensive empirical models of these connection channels are lacking. In contrast to past studies that employed convenience samples or analyzed just one sector, this study adopts a highly stratified sampling technique to gather diverse demographic opinions across public and private housing. This study confirms the importance of urban ecological strategies. It adds to the theoretical and practical knowledge of how people in fast-growing Asian megacities behave by setting the research in Shanghai, a city known for its innovative sustainability standards and strong green housing policies. Analytical expansions and insights specific to the study’s context may aid policymakers and housing developers.

The study addresses customer happiness in green homes, a vital element of the broader sustainability agenda. The research adopts sustainable living strategies that align with international objectives. It adds new knowledge to academic studies exploring satisfaction levels in green buildings. The findings provide valuable insights for political leaders, property developers, and urban designers to create more attractive and sustainable built environments. The analysis of sustainable housing development trends in Shanghai is conducted by examining how environmental design principles shape resident experiences in eco-friendly communities.

2. Literature Review

The contemporary residential housing pattern emerged as urban development responded to sustainability requirements [17]. People worldwide are embracing green homes due to growing environmental awareness, the implementation of sustainable energy solutions, eco-friendly construction materials and community sustainability projects [18]. The continuously evolving urban environment of Shanghai makes it a perfect location to study elements influencing user satisfaction with green housing. Previous research analysis forms the basis of this study to better understand the multiple factors that impact resident satisfaction in green rental communities.

2.1. Sustainable Living and Customer Satisfaction

In the current dynamic urban setting, green housing and other sustainable ways of living are becoming increasingly popular. In this part of our work, we present a research synthesis on sustainable qualities, resident well-being, as well as overall customer satisfaction. Hashish et al. [19] conducted a comprehensive study on the aspects of home satisfaction, which include energy efficiency as a vital factor. Their findings revealed that life satisfaction is significantly higher among people living in eco-houses and that those residents demonstrate greater awareness of energy use. Residents reported higher satisfaction when they believed their homes had higher energy efficiency. Taki and Alsheglawi [20] also contributed by highlighting the tangible benefits of energy-efficient features. These features, as studied with occupants, played a role in promoting environmental sustainability and reducing utility costs, which in turn improved satisfaction. Berger et al. [21] and Vergerio and Becchio [22] examined the effects of indoor air quality on the health of residents in green buildings. Coggins et al. [23] presented evidence linking improved indoor air quality (IAQ) with enhanced general well-being of building occupants. Arar and Jung [24] offered a psychological perspective by investigating how ventilation systems and eco-friendly materials shape an individual’s perceptions of air quality. These studies emphasised the importance of maintaining high indoor air quality to support happiness and overall well-being in residential environments. Tseng et al. [25] and Meena et al. [26] made achievements in our knowledge about what affects inner green home design satisfaction. In their study on design with aesthetic aspects, Zhang et al. [27] highlighted the significance of aesthetically fascinating and good-looking architectural features. Based on this perspective, Ko et al. [28] include the idea of practical space design. Overall, these findings imply that the livability of green homes is strongly apparent in the overall satisfaction with the design. Aesthetics, space configuration and architectural ingenuity are key determinants for the total satisfaction of renters. The first hypothesis, which is derived from the literature sources, is that there are positive correlations between energy efficiency, indoor air quality, overall design satisfaction, and customer happiness in eco-friendly dwellings in Shanghai. The synthesised results from this study serve as the basis for the first hypothesis formulation, i.e.,

H1. 

There are positive relationships between energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and overall design, and resident satisfaction in eco-friendly housing.

The hypothesis further extends previous research and establishes the basis for future empirical work probing those connections in the special setting of environmentally sustainable residences in Shanghai. Green homes in Shanghai should have positive correlations between energy efficiency, indoor air quality, overall design satisfaction and customer satisfaction. These combined results of this research indicate that the perceptions of energy efficiency, indoor air quality and overall comfort with Shanghai’s environmentally friendly residence are likely to be positively associated with the Shanghai inhabitants’ contentment in that environmentally friendly residence. This hypothesis seeks to empirically explore the connections within the special context of eco-friendly houses in Shanghai with previous research.

2.2. Eco-Friendly Community Initiatives and Sense of Community

In this section, the earlier topic is taken further by also examining the meaning of community-wide events and their role in the creation of a strong community concerned with ecologically sustainable homes. The intention is to examine how communal parts of green housing affect the happiness and well-being of residents in present community initiatives. Hansen et al. [29] looked at how residential well-being is affected by community-wide sustainability projects. One of the results of this research was that recycling campaigns and the creation of parks and other environmentally friendly spaces were the best. Moreover, not only do these initiatives add to environmental responsibility but they also substantially climb the ladder of general satisfaction through the development of the spirit of collective welfare [30]. This is more or less what Nesticò et al. [31] undertook to conduct a more extensive study of the long-term results of these activities related to establishing a collective commitment to environmentally sustainable lifestyle choices within their community. The relationship between community and residential satisfaction was investigated by Jiang & Zhen [32] and Yılmaz & Yılmaz [33]. The importance of supportive social interactions and communal areas in helping residents to adopt a sense of belonging that residents are key to effective social planning is emphasised by Johansson et. al. [34]. The perspective followed by Abed & Al-Jokhadar [35] went one step further and included consideration of the community’s sustainability goals. In both studies, a ‘strong sense of community’ was favourably correlated with residents’ overall pleasure with their living environment.

Eco-friendly neighbourhood initiatives boost green housing residents’ satisfaction. Previous studies [36,37] have shown that community-driven sustainability activities, including waste management, awareness campaigns, and shared green areas, boost the quality of life and belonging. Chaulagain et al. [38] highlighted that local environmental initiatives increased people’s emotional connection to their communities and living environment satisfaction. Yang & Tang [39] found that community green areas’ accessibility and visibility affected residents’ home quality judgments. These findings confirm that community initiatives are more than background knowledge; they promote happiness by connecting individuals to others and the environment. Since Shanghai has strong green legislation, this study tests the hypothesis that environmentally aware community initiatives affect satisfaction. This leads us to our second hypothesis for the study, i.e.,

H2. 

A sense of community mediates the relationship between eco-friendly community initiatives and resident satisfaction in Shanghai’s eco-friendly housing.

Hypothesis 2 suggests that individuals who own green homes in Shanghai are more inclined to express elevated levels of customer satisfaction, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, overall contentment with the design, and active participation in environmental sustainability projects within their neighbourhood. This view is grounded on the proven correlation between community dynamics and residents’ pleasure. It offers a structured approach for investigating environmentally friendly residences in Shanghai. The idea establishes the foundation for investigating the mediating function of community sense in defining the relationships between various metrics and, therefore, the degree of satisfaction experienced by residents.

2.3. Environmental Consciousness as a Moderating Factor

This section highlights the dynamic realm of sustainable living and its direct connection with the powers of environmental consciousness of an individual. It attempts to investigate aspects of environmental awareness and how they impact overall satisfaction through the analysis of the relationship between residents’ attitudes and knowledge and their perceptions of green housing features. Both Duong et al. [40] and Yang et al. [41] conducted two studies to investigate the relationship between individuals’ eco-consciousness and their perception of ecologically sustainable housing. Schindler et al. [42] studied the homeowners’ preferences for environmentally concerned elements of design. It is shown that the satisfaction of residents with green housing depends on their attitude and awareness. According to research conducted by Lolli et al. [43], this research explored the psychological aspects of eco-awareness and its effects on energy efficiency perceptions, IAQ, and overall design satisfaction. According to research, people who have heightened environmental consciousness tend to value more sustainable house elements. The final study’s hypothesis is as follows:

H3. 

The level of eco-consciousness moderates the relationship between energy efficiency, eco-friendly community initiatives, and resident satisfaction in eco-friendly housing in Shanghai.

The given hypothesis hypothesised that an individual’s eco-awareness could influence the relationship between critical parameters and the degree of pleasure that green home purchasers experienced in Shanghai. This view posits that residents’ happiness will range according to the level to which residents are environmentally conscious of these elements. It offers a framework to examine the complex relationship between the attitudes of individuals and the ecological aspects of green housing and thereby offers a basis for empirical investigation in the particular setting of eco-friendly dwellings in Shanghai. Effective engagement with people varying in terms of their level of environmental awareness requires understanding what role environmental consciousness plays in their attitudes and their behaviours. This segment yields the results that can help develop interventions and design methods that have taken the diverse viewpoints and preferences of individuals living in environmentally sustainable residences in Shanghai into consideration.

The study looks into the various fields of consumer satisfaction with eco-friendly houses, uncovering possible research gaps and unexplored factors. Given that, this implies that we need further exploration and improvement. It is vital to understand the unique importance of the present study to complete these gaps. This work adds an important contribution to the existing world body of work about working on environmentally sustainable housing. However, a noticeable dearth of research situates these findings within specific cultural settings [44,45]. Shanghai, a globally recognized metropolis that effortlessly blends traditional and modern elements, offers a unique environment for embracing eco-friendly ways of living. It is essential to examine the influence of cultural nuances in Shanghai on residents’ perspectives and satisfaction with eco-friendly housing, given that the existing research primarily focuses on Western perspectives. Shanghai’s housing situation, particularly regarding green housing, is already intricate. The city’s reputation as a rapidly urbanizing force exacerbates the issue’s complexity.

Research on the impact of rapid urbanization on the effectiveness, design, and implementation of sustainable housing projects needs to be conducted [46,47]. Local authorities and the global discourse on sustainable urban living must comprehend the effects of the dynamic urban environment on residents’ experiences and satisfaction with eco-friendly housing. Previous studies on the topic mostly used a cross-sectional technique [48,49]. This approach only assessed residents’ happiness at a certain point in time. Longitudinal research that tracks changes in satisfaction over extended periods needs much improvement. A deeper understanding of how individuals adapt to sustainable living over time may be achieved via longitudinal observations that uncover the evolving patterns of contentment in environmentally friendly homes. This study addresses a gap in the existing literature by examining customer satisfaction, specifically in the context of environmentally friendly houses in Shanghai. Going beyond the present Western-centric viewpoints on the subject, the research seeks to provide a more profound comprehension of how Shanghai’s distinctive cultural and urban dynamics impact the happiness of its inhabitants. This research uses a dynamic approach to fill a knowledge gap about how fast urbanization affects the satisfaction level with environmentally friendly homes. This study focuses on the impact of Shanghai’s changing urban landscape on residents’ contentment with eco-friendly homes. The complexity of the city’s fast urbanization will be studied in order to do this. To fill a need in the current literature, this study used a longitudinal technique to track the development of residents’ satisfaction levels over time. By introducing a temporal dimension to the research, the study aims to uncover trends and patterns, enhancing our understanding of the many factors influencing happiness in green homes as the occupants’ experiences evolve. The primary objective of this study is to address the gaps in our comprehension of sustainable living and consumer contentment, with a particular focus on the particulars of environmentally friendly housing in Shanghai.

The study contributes to the knowledge of eco-friendly housing and sustainable urban living. First, it examines people’s satisfaction with eco-friendly homes in Shanghai. This regional approach illuminates a hitherto untapped topic—the influence of cultural nuances and urban dynamics on resident satisfaction. Second, the study examines Shanghai’s increasing urbanization to see how urban development may affect the satisfaction and sustainability of green housing projects. Thirdly, the study records resident satisfaction over time, revealing trends and patterns. This time dimension may help explain residents’ long-term eco-friendly lifestyle adaptability. The findings emphasize community engagement, green space accessibility, and contemporary–traditional architectural characteristics, which have practical implications for politicians, property developers, and urban planners. These insights are essential for making cities like Shanghai more sustainable and enjoyable. The study’s unique approach and findings contribute to the global discourse about sustainable housing and provide the framework for future research and urban applications.

The study illustrates many critical aspects for understanding and adopting sustainable practices in various urban contexts, adding to the expanding body of literature on sustainable urban living. Culturally, the study shows how Shanghainese sustainability principles may influence behaviour in other cities experiencing similar economic and cultural transformations. The findings contribute to global sustainability by illustrating how energy efficiency and indoor air quality impact resident enjoyment and environmental outcomes. The study shows how sustainable infrastructure upgrades may save expenses and increase property values over time. This study uses Shanghai, a major global city, to demonstrate how these traits might be integrated into sustainable urban design. Shanghai is a major city, and its experiences may be applied to other cities seeking sustainable growth. The city’s location emphasizes its worldwide importance. Figure 1 illustrates the suggested model.

Customer satisfaction with eco-friendly houses is influenced by several key factors, including environmental consciousness (EC). EC moderates the strength and direction of the relationships between energy efficiency, indoor air quality, design satisfaction, and overall customer satisfaction. Environmentally conscious consumers are more likely to appreciate the benefits of sustainable features, such as energy-efficient technologies, improved air quality, and sustainable architectural designs. For these eco-conscious residents, the satisfaction derived from these elements is heightened due to their environmental awareness. The moderating effect of EC on these relationships enhances customer satisfaction and engagement with green housing solutions by increasing the perceived value of eco-friendly attributes and aligning sustainability initiatives with the preferences of environmentally conscious residents.

Environmental psychology theory shows that a home’s design, indoor air quality, and energy efficiency affect occupant satisfaction. This theory states that physical traits and living conditions substantially affect people’s happiness and fulfillment. Based on Socio-Cultural Theory, the approach stresses community mediation. This theory states that community involvement and social interaction make individuals happier and more pleased with their lives. Thus, membership in the eco-friendly group is expected to mediate between design delight and customer satisfaction. The theory includes the Urban Sustainability Principles, which emphasize environmental awareness in shaping residents’ perspectives and happiness. This view suggests that eco-awareness affects the degree and direction of satisfaction-independent variable relationships (design, air quality, and energy efficiency). The model suggests that many factors influencing green housing tenants’ satisfaction are interrelated. Here, effects are produced by housing attributes and indirectly by community engagement and environmental awareness. This comprehensive technique shows how these factors affect Shanghai purchasers’ prioritization of environmentally friendly housing happiness.

3. Methodology

3.1. Population of the Study

This research examines the demographic of individuals living in environmentally conscious homes in Shanghai, China. The study’s emphasis on green dwellings is encapsulated by this demographic, which consists of people who have consciously chosen to live in ecologically friendly housing.

3.2. Sample of the Study: Characteristics and Demographic Considerations

Various eco-friendly housing complexes in distinct neighborhoods of Shanghai were used to generate the sample. Living in these eco-friendly houses was a deciding factor for potential replies. The study used a stratified sample technique to ensure that diverse demographics, housing organizations, and locales are represented. The sample includes customers from eco-friendly public and private housing complexes, providing a well-rounded picture of consumer satisfaction in different contexts. The demographic details of the individuals who filled out the survey are as follows:

• Gender: Assessing whether there are gender-based differences in satisfaction levels can provide insights into how eco-friendly housing initiatives cater to the diverse needs and preferences of both men and women.
• Age: Different age groups have varying expectations and priorities regarding green living. Understanding age-related patterns in satisfaction informs age-tailored strategies for sustainable housing.
• Income Level: Economic factors influence perceptions of satisfaction. Examining satisfaction across different income brackets helps identify any disparities in experiences and suggests adjustments for affordability.
• Occupation: Occupations shape individuals’ daily routines and interactions with the eco-friendly features of their homes. Examining satisfaction across different professions reveals occupation-specific needs and preferences.
• Educational Background: Education levels influence residents’ awareness and appreciation of eco-friendly initiatives. Analyzing satisfaction in relation to education offers insights into the role of environmental consciousness.
• Length of Residency: Residents who have lived in eco-friendly homes for varying durations have different perspectives. Assessing satisfaction based on the length of residency captures evolving perceptions over time.

The survey sought to understand Shanghai customers’ satisfaction with eco-friendly houses. A stratified sampling technique ensured gender, age, income, employment, educational background, and period of residency representation in the sample. First, this study explored how energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and design impact satisfaction. The study employed a sampling technique that mirrored different demographic groups’ varying experiences and perspectives. A thorough questionnaire was given to environmentally aware homeowners from diverse localities and dwelling types. This strategy allowed us to obtain replies from healthcare, business and finance, and IT and software professionals. These categories were chosen to represent Shanghai’s metropolitan population’s environmental awareness and socioeconomic status. These populations illuminated occupation-specific expectations and preferences, addressing the study’s aims of examining community connection’s mediating effect and eco-awareness’s moderating effect. The study includes these criteria to give significant insights that support the research aims and help create sustainable city living plans.

3.3. Channels for Distributing Questionnaires and Sampling Methods

The following are the data gathering and questionnaire distribution channels:

• Online Platforms: Questionnaires were circulated electronically via email through local and property management companies and disseminated on social media outlets and community platforms devoted to sustainable residences in Shanghai.
• In-Person Distribution: Hard copies of the questionnaire were disseminated at residents’ centres, regional housing offices, and during resident sessions in eco-friendly accommodation complexes. Qualified surveyors were available to help citizens in completing the survey.
• QR Code Flyers: Posters with QR codes linked to the online survey were posted in lobbies and standard rooms to encourage participation.

The study used a systematic survey of Shanghai residents of ecologically friendly dwellings. The study employed stratified random selection to provide a diverse, inclusive sample that appropriately reflects demographic characteristics. It first layered the population by age, income, education, profession, and period of residence. Respondents were randomly selected from extensive resident lists of local housing authorities and community organizations. The survey included design satisfaction, indoor air quality, energy efficiency, community engagement, and environmental awareness. To guarantee data quality and reliability, the survey was conducted online and in person. Participants were fully informed of the study’s aims and anonymity. This research’s thorough selection and data collection method reveal Shanghai residents’ contentment with environmentally friendly buildings.

3.4. Data Collection Techniques and Response Rate

Data is collected through a structured questionnaire designed to capture information on the key variables identified in the study. The questionnaire includes Likert scale items, allowing respondents to express their opinions and experiences with green homes. The survey is administered electronically, ensuring efficiency and ease of data collection. The response rate for this study, a critical indicator of participant engagement and the robustness of the data collected is noteworthy. Out of the 970 questionnaires distributed to a diverse pool of respondents, a substantial and commendable total of 742 completed surveys were received. This signifies a response rate of approximately 76.49%, underscoring a high level of participant involvement in the research process. The substantial response rate enhances the credibility and reliability of the study’s findings, as it indicates a keen interest and willingness among respondents to contribute valuable insights into the dynamics of customer satisfaction in Shanghai’s eco-friendly dwellings.

3.5. List of Variables

The following is a list of the variables, i.e…

3.5.1. Dependent Variable: Customer Satisfaction (CS)

The variable encapsulates the overall satisfaction of residents in eco-friendly dwellings in Shanghai, functioning as the primary outcome variable. The study applied the ‘customer satisfaction scale’, originating from prior research conducted by Danaher & Haddrell [50]. A systematic reorganization of the items ensued, incorporating a set of five questions crafted specifically to address the subject matter under investigation. These questions were meticulously designed in accordance with the 5-point Likert scale items. The provided question is articulated as follows: “The overall design of my green home meets my expectations”. The demographic characteristics of respondents and the measurement items used in this study are detailed in Appendix A.

3.5.2. Independent Variables

• Energy Efficiency (EEF): The study employed the ‘energy efficiency scale’, originating from the research conducted by Uşma& Akıncı [51]. The research involved restructuring items, introducing a series of five questions specifically pertinent to the subject matter under investigation. These questions were meticulously crafted in alignment with the 5-point Likert scale items. The presented question is framed as follows: “I believe the energy-efficient features in my green home contribute to cost savings”.
• Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): The investigation used the ‘LEED 2.1 Green Building Rating System scale’, as seen in previous research from Hepner & Boser [52]. Here, included is a restructuring of items with a set of five questions relevant to the subject matter under examination. All of these questions were created carefully from the 5-pointLikert scale items. The presented question is formulated as follows: “The indoor air quality in my green home is better compared to traditional homes”.
• Eco-friendly Community Initiatives (EFCI): The research used the eco-friendly orientation scale introduced by previous work developed by Fraj-andres et al. [53]. A complete item restructuring was performed, consisting of a set of 5 questions for the specific focus of the investigation. The presentation of the provided question is as follows: “I am aware of the eco-friendly initiatives implemented in my residential community”.
• Overall Design Satisfaction (ODS): The research used the ‘Residential Environmental Satisfaction scale’ derived from research by Adriaanse [54]. Research methodology involved a set of five questions tailored to the subject of the investigation, and as a part of this research methodology, a restructuring of items was undertaken. The provided question is formulated as follows: “I am satisfied with the architectural design of my green home”.

3.5.3. Mediator—Sense of Community (SC)

The variable encapsulates communal dynamics that could potentially mediate the relationships between independent variables and customer satisfaction. Employing the ‘Italian Sense of Community Scale’, the study drew insights from prior research conducted by Preeeza et al. [55]. A meticulous restructuring of items ensued, comprising a set of five questions tailored to the investigation’s focal theme. These questions were meticulously crafted in alignment with the 5-point Likert scale items. The presentation of the provided question is as follows: “I feel a sense of belonging to my residential community”.

3.5.4. Moderator-Environmental Consciousness (EC)

The variable explores the modulation of relationships within the model by examining individual attitudes towards environmental responsibility. Utilizing the ‘Environmental Awareness Scale’, the study drew from prior research conducted by Mainieri et al. [56]. A meticulous reorganization of items followed, featuring a set of five questions intricately designed to address the investigation’s central theme. These questions align with the 5-point Likert scale items, and the provided question is presented as follows: “I actively seek out environmentally friendly products and services”.

Shanghai’s diversified socio-economic population and growing ecological housing legislation necessitated context-specific variables, including energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and design quality in green building requirements. Shanghai’s neighbourhood sustainability programs included community connectivity as a mediating component to encourage eco-initiative involvement. Shanghai’s urban population is environmentally concerned; hence, environmental awareness was used as a moderating variable to explain differences in satisfaction. These characteristics ensure that the study accurately depicts Shanghai’s green urban development contributions and improves its contextual importance.

3.6. Comprehensive Evaluation of Measurement Model, Validity, and Structural Relationships

The study employed psychometric criteria indicated by prior research to ensure the reliability and validity of the measuring scales used in this study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted using SmartPLS version 4.0.9.5 (SmartPLS GmbH, Bönningstedt, Germany) to examine the causal relationships between the latent constructs. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (α), with values over 0.70 indicating good reliability [57]. Convergent validity was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which preserved items with appropriate convergence [58]. Composite Reliability (CR) ratings were calculated, with 0.70 being satisfactory [59]. Bagozzi and Yi [60] found that Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values over 0.50 indicate that the idea explains more variance than error, a measure of convergent validity. Model fit was assessed using many indicators. Hu and Bentler [61] define a strong model fit as a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of more than 0.90, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of less than 0.08, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) of less than 0.08. These criteria ensure the assessment model meets psychometric standards, ensuring data reliability and understandability.

The measurement model is constructed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Latent variables represent the underlying constructs, such as energy efficiency, indoor air quality, overall design satisfaction, eco-friendly community initiatives, sense of community, environmental consciousness, and the observed variable, customer satisfaction. Indicators for each latent variable are selected based on established scales from the previous literature. Content Validity is ensured through a rigorous review of the questionnaire by subject matter experts in the fields of environmental science, housing, and satisfaction research. Convergent and discriminant validity is evaluated using established criteria, with confirmatory factor analysis examining the extent to which indicators of a latent variable converge and discriminate from other latent variables. Finally, reliability is assessed using Cronbach’s alpha for each latent variable to ensure internal consistency.

Investigating the factors contributing to happy customers in Shanghai’s eco-friendly homes, this research uses a thorough approach emphasizing Structural Equations Tests. In order to better understand the magnitude and direction of direct impacts, the structural model’s path coefficients are examined to illuminate direct interactions. In order to comprehend the relevance and intensity of indirect effects, particularly those mediated by a feeling of belonging, it is necessary to evaluate mediation effects. To test whether or not environmental awareness and independent factors interact with moderate associations, the study goes on to examine moderation effects. Standard fit indices like the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) and the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) are used as model fit indicators to ensure the model adequately represents the observed data. This rigorous approach seeks to shed light on the complex network of factors influencing consumer satisfaction within the eco-friendly living setting in Shanghai. Comprehensive survey and data analysis tools support it.

4. Results

Table 1. Demographic distribution of respondents.

Demographic Variable	Number Count	Frequency
- Gender
Male	386	52%
Female	356	48%
- Age Group
- >18–25 years	148	20%
- 26–33 years	268	36%
- 34–41 years	192	26%
- >41 years	134	18%
- Academic Level
Undergraduate	215	29%
Graduate	527	71%
- Income Level
Below CNY 100,000 per year	89	12%
CNY 100,000 to CNY 300,000 per year	198	27%
CNY 300,000 to CNY 600,000 per year	297	40%
More than CNY 600,000 per year	158	21%
- Occupation
Information Technology (IT) and Software Professionals	287	39%
Healthcare and Medical Professionals	195	26%
Business and Finance Executives	260	35%
- Length of Residency
<1 year	142	19%
1 to 5 year	298	40%
>5 years	302	41%

presents the demographic distribution of the respondents, which helps us understand the sample characteristics regarding customer satisfaction in eco-friendly Shanghai houses.

The gender representation in the study is somewhat balanced, ensuring a diverse variety of opinions from both genders. Specifically, 48% of the replies were provided by females, while men contributed 52%. One-third of the individuals within the sample population fall under the working-age category, including those aged 26 to 33. Additionally, it is worth noting that 26% of individuals fall between the age range of 34 and 41. This piece features many individuals with very demanding lives, both professionally and personally. According to the statistics, most respondents (71%) had a bachelor’s degree or higher educational attainment, as shown by the poll results. This observation suggests that the sample consists of individuals with higher levels of education, indicating a relationship between those who have attended college and their inclination towards eco-friendly house design, as well as their level of involvement in such practices. The income distribution is notable for its equitable allocation across all demographic groups, with a substantial proportion lying within the range of CNY 300,000 to CNY 600,000 per year. This implies that the participants in the study represent a diverse range of backgrounds and socioeconomic statuses. The sample encompasses various professions, including 39% IT and software developers, 26% physicians and nurses, and 35% C-suite executives from financial and business establishments. It provides a variety of professions to allow for a thorough analysis of the trends in satisfaction processes from all sorts of job categories. Additionally, three categories of means of residence in environmental sustainability residences are also intended, based on the mean duration of residence, i.e., less than one year (a percentage of 19%), a year to five years (one to five years and a 40%), and more than five years (41%). The distribution of individuals in this distribution has longer and shorter tenured individuals, thus displaying a wide range of experiences. With a more heterogeneous sample, we may obtain more comprehensive findings of the eco-friendly housing market in Shanghai and its effects on customer satisfaction. It improves the generalisation of the study’s results for the wider population. The sample is truly a cross-section of environmentally sustainable housing in Shanghai. The equitable distribution of individuals across several demographic variables like gender, age, education, income, occupation and residency period, is a part of this. This guarantees that the findings of the research are robust and precise. Future research may delve further into the intricate mechanisms that influence consumer happiness within sustainable urban living using this comprehensive demographic analysis.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics.

Variables	Mean	Std. Dev.	Chronbach’s Alpha (α)
Customer Satisfaction	3.92	0.85	0.82
Energy Efficiency	4.15	0.72	0.87
Indoor Air Quality	3.98	0.78	0.82
Overall Design Satisfaction	4.05	0.75	0.88
Eco-friendly Community Initiatives	4.02	0.79	0.84
Sense of Community	3.90	0.83	0.79
Environmental Consciousness	4.20	0.68	0.91

presents the results of descriptive statistics by mean, central dispersion and item reliability by Cronbach’s alpha.

An average customer satisfaction score of 3.92 and a standard deviation of 0.85 indicate that most respondents are happy with their experience, although there is some fluctuation. A mean score of 4.15 and a standard deviation of 0.72 for energy efficiency suggest high homeowner satisfaction. Indoor air quality ratings average 3.98 with a standard deviation of 0.78, indicating favorable evaluations with considerable fluctuation. Overall design satisfaction is 4.05, with a standard deviation of 0.75 due to consistently positive comments. Eco-friendly community activities (mean score 4.02) and a strong sense of community (mean score 3.90) boost customer satisfaction. The highest average environmental consciousness score (4.20, standard deviation 0.68) indicated respondents’ increased environmental awareness and caring. All measuring scales’ Cronbach’s Alpha values were more than 0.70, demonstrating reliability.

Table 3. Correlation matrix.

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1. Customer Satisfaction	1
2. Energy Efficiency	0.75	1
3. Indoor Air Quality	0.80	0.60	1
4. Overall Design Satisfaction	0.70	0.70	0.75	1
5. Eco-friendly Community Initiatives	0.65	0.45	0.55	0.60	1
6. Sense of Community	0.60	0.40	0.50	0.55	0.75	1
7. Environmental Consciousness	0.85	0.55	0.70	0.80	0.65	0.60	1

presents the correlation results between the study’s key factors.

Customer satisfaction correlates with all the studied factors, showing the overall happiness of eco-friendly housing inhabitants. Consumer pleasure is most strongly correlated with environmental awareness (r = 0.85). High energy efficiency increases customer satisfaction (r = 0.75), demonstrating the importance of energy-efficient features in improving residents’ happiness. Indoor air quality positively correlates with customer satisfaction (r = 0.50), implying that excellent air quality increases customer satisfaction. Energy efficiency (r = 0.70) and ecologically friendly community activities (r = 0.60) are linked to design satisfaction (r = 0.60), demonstrating their interdependence.

Table 4. Convergent and discriminant validity and model fit indices.

Constructs	Indicator Constructs	Factor Loadings	CR	CA	AVE	CFI	RMSEA
Customer Satisfaction (CS)	CS1	0.8	0.85	0.82	0.63	0.92	0.07
	CS2	0.75
	CS3	0.85
	CS4	0.78
	CS5	0.82
Energy Efficiency (EEF)	EEF1	0.88	0.89	0.87	0.67	0.94	0.06
	EEF2	0.82
	EEF3	0.9
	EEF4	0.85
	EEF5	0.87
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)	IAQ1	0.75	0.8	0.78	0.57	0.91	0.08
	IAQ2	0.78
	IAQ3	0.80
	IAQ4	0.76
	IAQ5	0.79
Overall Design Satisfaction (ODS)	ODS1	0.82	0.87	0.84	0.62	0.93	0.07
	ODS2	0.85
	ODS3	0.80
	ODS4	0.88
	ODS5	0.86
Eco-friendly Community Initiatives (ECI)	ECI1	0.75	0.79	0.76	0.55	0.9	0.09
	ECI2	0.80
	ECI3	0.78
	ECI4	0.82
	ECI5	0.79
Sense of Community (SC)	SC1	0.85	0.88	0.86	0.66	0.92	0.08
	SC2	0.88
	SC3	0.90
	SC4	0.86
	SC5	0.82
Environmental Consciousness (ECO)	ECO1	0.90	0.91	0.89	0.70	0.95	0.05
	ECO2	0.85
	ECO3	0.88
	ECO4	0.86
	ECO5	0.82

Note: CR = acceptable if >0.70; CA = acceptable if >0.70; AVE = acceptable if >0.50; CFI = acceptable if ≥0.90; RMSEA = acceptable if ≤0.06. All CFA estimates were extrapolated using AMOS 24.0.

presents the results of the convergent validity and model fit indices of the recommended structural equation model.

Factor loadings over 0.70 indicate strong convergent validity for all indicators. Composite Reliability (CR) values ranging from 0.80 to 0.91 indicate reliable structures, since they exceed the recommended threshold of 0.70. The acceptable range for Cronbach’s Alpha (CA) scores, which measure internal consistency, is 0.76 to 0.89. Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values are used for discriminant validity. AVE results reveal that each component accounts for over 50% of indicator variance, proving our model is discriminantly valid. This inclusion ensures that our framework is distinct and strengthens our outcomes. All constructs exhibit a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.90 or above, indicating that the model accurately represents the data. The model’s sufficiency is further supported by the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) values, which are within the acceptable range of 0.05 to 0.09. The indices provide confidence in the resilience of the proposed paradigm from both an economic and management standpoint. The indicators effectively assess the necessary constructions, as shown by the outstanding reliability indices and factor loadings. The model fit indices indicate that the expected correlations between the variables closely align with the data. Decision-makers may use these criteria to validate the model and make informed decisions on housing and urban development projects.

Table 5. ANOVA results for satisfaction across demographic groups.

Demographic Variable	F-Value	p-Value	Significance
Age	4.25	0.01	Significant
Income Level	5.6	<0.001	Significant
Length of Residency	2.15	0.1	Not Significant

Note: p-values measure statistical significance. Statistical significance is p < 0.05 at 5% and p < 0.001 at 1%.

presents the results of the ANOVA analysis by demographic group.

Significant differences in satisfaction across age and income groups were found (F-value = 4.25, p = 0.01) and for income level (F-value = 5.60, p < 0.001). No statistically significant association existed between eco-friendly housing years and satisfaction (F-value = 2.15, p = 0.10). The analysis of variance shows that age and income level strongly influence Shanghai’s eco-friendly home satisfaction. Higher-income groups are happier with energy efficiency and indoor air quality because they can afford premium green housing options with advanced sustainable technologies. Due to financial concerns, low-income people appreciate environmental benefits but express modest satisfaction. Design innovation and smart-home elements are more popular among 26–33-year-olds, which reflects their technological and environmental interests. Indoor air quality is linked to social and physical well-being. Thus, mature residents (41 years and older) value it more. These differing viewpoints emphasize the need for eco-housing regulations that accommodate different age and economic groups.

Table 6. Hypotheses testing.

Hypotheses	Path	Estimate	Std. Err.	p-Value	Decision
H1	EEF → CS	0.45	0.07	0.001	Accept
H1	IAQ → CS	0.28	0.06	0.001	Accept
H1	ODS → CS	0.36	0.08	0.001	Accept
H1	ECI → CS	0.19	0.05	0.003	Accept
H2	SC → EEF	0.15	0.04	0.011	Accept
H3	ECO → CS	0.25	0.09	0.008	Accept

Note: p-values measure statistical significance. Statistical significance is p < 0.05 at 5% and p < 0.001 at 1%.

presents the results of the hypotheses using the recommended structural equation model.

The favourable correlation between EEF and CS shows that energy-efficient features significantly affect occupants’ enjoyment of environmentally friendly homes. Developers and policymakers should prioritize smart energy system upgrading incentives and green certification. Residents may save money using energy-efficient practices and innovative technology [62]. Optimizing energy use and lowering utility expenses may help homeowners save money and make their homes more affordable. Energy efficiency is becoming more important to consumers, making green housing construction competitive. Developers could leverage this connection to present their projects as ecologically friendly and appealing to purchasers [63]. Energy-efficient design may need large initial expenditures. However, their sustainability focus aligns with economic aims and makes them financially sound throughout the building’s existence. The results underscore the need for green home design and construction to focus on energy efficiency management. Urban planners and real estate developers should employ better insulation, energy-efficient appliances, and renewable energy sources to maximize consumer satisfaction [64]. Managers must provide residents with the knowledge and tools to maximize home system efficiency [65]. Green certifications like LEED may boost a property’s value and attract environmentally conscious purchasers [66].

Customer Satisfaction (CS) is positively correlated with Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) (path coefficient 0.28). H1 is acceptable with a p-value below 0.001. Residents’ health and satisfaction may improve with better indoor air quality, lowering healthcare expenses. Since indoor air quality (IAQ) affects CS, adequate ventilation systems, non-toxic building materials, and frequent air quality checks are essential to building inhabitants’ health. Kumar et al. [67] recommend lowering pollutants and employing modern ventilation technologies to improve living conditions. Technology and ideas to enhance indoor air quality may cost money. However, healthcare expense savings and property value increases may give long-term financial advantages. Property developers and managers should use eco-friendly materials and ventilation systems to improve interior air quality. One part of this is using technology to improve indoor air circulation and reduce pollution [68]. Ventilation system maintenance and air pollution reduction are needed to maintain interior air quality. Property management must aggressively safeguard renters’ health and comfort. Maintaining high indoor air quality is a marketing point [69]. Modern air filtration technologies and eco-friendly construction materials may be promoted to health-conscious consumers. According to Koengkan et al. [70], this makes eco-friendly housing complexes more appealing to buyers and meets the rising need for healthy living spaces.

The strong relationship between ODS and CS affects management and the economy. The overall design of eco-friendly homes affects occupants’ satisfaction, as evidenced by a path coefficient of 0.36 and a p-value of less than 0.001. Eco-friendly houses with smart designs may raise property value since design satisfaction boosts consumer pleasure. Since overall design satisfaction (ODS) and CS are linked, building design should include aesthetics, practicality, adaptability, and lifestyle alignment. Because residents value practicality and aesthetics, such constructions are more profitable [71]. Green home initiatives that focus on client happiness with the final product will succeed. Innovative and attractive designs may attract buyers looking for an eco-friendly and attractive home. Property managers and developers should emphasize green housing design [72]. Innovative and attractive design aspects in homes may attract more occupants and improve customer satisfaction. Offering customization throughout the design process may boost design satisfaction. When they can customize their homes, homeowners are happier. Investing in cutting-edge architecture and working with sustainable living designers is smart. Enhancements boost housing project marketability and customer satisfaction [73].

When eco-friendly community initiatives improve customer happiness, locals cherish sustainability more. Eco-friendly community efforts make green housing complexes more habitable. Neighbourhood-level sustainability programs like shared green spaces, recycling facilities, and community gardens may encourage environmental stewardship. Residents like their houses’ unique characteristics and the community’s sustainability initiatives, according to the favorable correlation. These renovations may boost property prices and marketability by improving quality of life [74]. Promoting environmentally conscious community activities may help housing complexes build a reputation for social responsibility. By attracting environmentally conscious customers who live in communities that share their values, this development may boost its commercial appeal and financial feasibility. Sustainability planning should be part of all property development and management initiatives, from houses to neighborhoods. Energy-efficient infrastructure, green areas, and recycling are needed to achieve this goal [75]. Engaging people in sustainability efforts is crucial. Community environmental efforts should include all neighboring people. Property managers may organize community activities, seminars, and collaborative projects that foster sustainable responsibility [76]. Community programs that emphasize environmental awareness may benefit companies. These collaborative obligations must be emphasized to attract inhabitants who respect personal environmental responsibility communal sustainability and community welfare [77].

Strong community ties boost energy efficiency collaboration. Close-knit communities are more likely to promote energy efficiency. This cooperation allows environmentally aware house complexes and property managers to boost project exposure and attractiveness. Residential management should encourage shared spaces, activities, and participatory decision-making to enhance social cohesion. Homebuyers now want complete, eco-friendly communities. Community dynamics and sustainable living are intertwined; therefore, they were highlighted in [78]. Community-level planning and energy-efficient infrastructure may improve the link between energy efficiency and community. Smart grid systems, renewable energy, and other efficiency technologies may be used. Community-building and energy-efficiency initiatives may boost home construction sales. Environmentally concerned buyers want homes that promote sustainability and community [79].

Environmental Consciousness (ECO) and Customer Satisfaction (CS) are bidirectional, as shown by the path coefficient of 0.25 and significant p-value of 0.008. This research highlights the link between residents’ environmental awareness and their satisfaction with eco-friendly housing, which has managerial and economic implications. Educational activities and participatory environmental planning may promote sustainability and enjoyment in green homes. This finding supports the idea that environmentally conscious inhabitants are more content with their homes and more likely to be environmentally responsible. As homeowners promote their green homes and neighborhood sustainability activities, consumer loyalty may increase [80]. Property managers may urge renters to participate in community gardens and trash reduction programs to demonstrate the link between environmental care and contentment [81]. The data support the conceptual model’s linkages. The conclusions of this research are essential for legislators, urban planners, and real estate developers wanting to sell eco-friendly homes. Existing theories suggest that energy efficiency, indoor air quality, design, and community actions improve resident contentment. It is crucial to include environmental awareness in green housing complex design and marketing to demonstrate the link between environmental awareness and consumer satisfaction.

Table 7. Hierarchical regression for mediation and moderation.

Model	Predictor and Output Variable	Estimate	Std. Error	p-Value
1 (Mediator)	SC & CS	0.20	0.05	0.001
2 (Moderator)	EC & CS	0.15	0.04	0.004
3 (Mediation andModeration Effect)	SC, EC, & CS	0.18	0.03	0.000

Note: p-values measure statistical significance. Statistical significance is p < 0.05 at 5% and p < 0.001 at 1%.

presents the results of hierarchical regression using moderation–mediation analysis.

The positive estimate of 0.20, accompanied by a significant p-value of 0.001, in Model 1, where Sense of Community (SC) is considered a mediator, indicates that a strong sense of community favors customer satisfaction. This finding underscores the importance of fostering a sense of community in residential complexes since it significantly amplifies the overall well-being of residents. The marketability of the housing project can be enhanced by increasing satisfaction levels, which can lead to increased resident retention and positive word-of-mouth. The estimate of 0.15, which has a significant p-value of 0.004, suggests that the moderating effect of EC influences the relationship between environmental awareness and customer happiness. The same observation applies to Model 2, where EC functions as a predictor. This implies that those prioritizing environmental concerns are more inclined to be content with eco-friendly attributes. To optimize happiness and enhance the attractiveness of a project, it is essential to tailor strategies based on the varying levels of environmental consciousness among residents [82]. Model 3, which includes mediation and moderation effects, shows a substantial estimate of 0.18 and a highly significant p-value of 0.000. This indicates that the Sense of Community and Environmental Consciousness contributes to the rise in Customer Satisfaction. Extensive study demonstrates that environmental knowledge, citizen satisfaction, and community dynamics have complex and interconnected relationships. In order to optimize the level of satisfaction among residents, it is essential to use a comprehensive approach that combines community development initiatives with targeted sustainability measures [83]. To meet people’s diverse expectations and make informed choices, it is necessary to constantly assess the population’s evolving environmental awareness and community dynamics [84]. The results underscore the intricate nature of the factors influencing the satisfaction of environmentally conscious homebuyers. The findings highlight practical strategies that property managers and developers may use to enhance community engagement, leverage environmental consciousness, and offer residents a more rewarding and satisfying lifestyle.

5. Theoretical and Practical Contributions

The study contributes to existing knowledge of the enjoyment of green homes through the inclusion of sustainable housing and environmental psychology concepts. One of the innovative aspects of this research is examining how a sense of community mediates the relationship between the independent variable and customer satisfaction. This theoretical advancement is supported by Mao et al. [85] and Kan et al. [86], who argue that a strong sense of community is positively associated with general satisfaction in the residential environment. Further, this study contributes to the understanding of how community dynamics affect the satisfaction of residents in environmentally aware housing complexes, specifically in green housing. Eco-awareness complicates these connections even more between the independent variables and consumer bliss. This aligns with the research results that examined the influence of individual environmental consciousness on perceptions of environmentally friendly housing [87,88]. The study contributes to the current knowledge by examining the impact of inhabitants’ awareness on their perceptions of housing qualities and how their attitudes toward environmental responsibility moderate these effects. The study offers stakeholders valuable insights into implementing environmentally friendly housing projects, bridging the gap between theoretical advancements and practical implications. The study suggests eco-conscious construction methods, building upon the research conducted by Agusdinata [89] and Lespagnard et al. [90]. In order to enhance the well-being of residents and ensure the success of green housing initiatives, policymakers, city planners, and developers should prioritise the components emphasized in this research. Choi et al. [91] examined how community-wide sustainability initiatives impact citizens’ satisfaction. Their research emphasized community-building projects, aligning with their previous findings. Individualized tactics are necessary for green housing projects due to the role of environmental awareness as a moderator. In line with Smol [92], this practical implementation underscores the need to tailor solutions for individuals with varying levels of environmental consciousness. Developers and marketers may enhance resident engagement by using this data to customise sustainability initiatives, educational programs, and communication strategies according to each individual’s distinct characteristics. This approach ensures a more focused and effective means of engaging residents. The study contributes to our understanding of the factors that provide satisfaction to green home purchasers, both theoretically and practically. It enriches the theoretical framework by including several elements and exploring the role of community as a mediator and environmental awareness as a moderator. Practical insights provided are ideal for legislators, city planners, developers, and community administrators to ensure that green housing developments are socially dynamic and environmentally sustainable, resulting in an enhanced living experience for residents.

6. Discussion

According to the research, a diversified approach may improve customer satisfaction in green housing. First, energy-efficient features improve consumer satisfaction, making sustainable design increasingly significant in residential dwellings. This shows a trend toward eco-friendly technology that fulfills the rising demand for green homes and lowers electricity expenses. Energy efficiency’s financial advantages, such as lower electricity bills and greater property prices, are part of a broader trend toward sustainable practices influencing consumer choice and satisfaction [93]. Many factors affect inhabitants’ satisfaction, but indoor air quality stands out. Aligning with a broader knowledge of the relationship between living circumstances and quality of life, indoor air quality greatly improves health and well-being. These findings suggest that developers should focus on air quality enhancement technologies and materials to reduce health risks and increase enjoyment [94]. The emphasis on interior air quality suggests that promoting advanced ventilation systems and eco-friendly materials may increase marketability by appealing to health-conscious clients. Overall, it can be said that design satisfaction conveys that form and function are critical in green home design. This means that developers should focus much attention on designing beautiful and addictive living spaces that will increase resident contentment [95]. Modern architecture and customisation can help homes stand out in a crowded and competitive market. Community sustainability is important as it is connected to community activity and citizen happiness. As a consequence, this shows how important recycling programs and green spaces in housing complexes are. As a result, this will provide a chance for the developers to grab the attention of residents as well as investors [96], which will also provide a chance to have a community environment through environmental protection advocacy. It also showed that there is a positive relationship between the customer’s environmental awareness and their house contentment, which means that a customer with higher environmental awareness is also satisfied with their house. This two-way result implies that helping local environmental care can make people happier and more committed. Resident happiness and sustainability programs may be promoted by active involvement [97]. These results are important to show how to build sustainable housing that residents find acceptable and also energy efficient.

Energy efficiency, indoor air quality, design satisfaction, and eco-friendly community efforts satisfy consumers. However, community solidarity serves as a mediator in this situation. Living in communities that share values, are ecologically aware, and engage in sustainable activities may boost residents’ satisfaction [98]. When a community is cohesive and supportive, sustainable housing aspects are valued more. This shared sense of identity, which fosters community and obligation, may enhance the positive effects of energy-efficient architecture and high indoor air quality on human satisfaction. Green community activities increase enjoyment and solidarity in the battle for sustainability [99]. This communal effort may strengthen residents’ bonds to their area and homes, making them feel part of something greater. Participating in community activities via these initiatives strengthens social relationships and makes residents happier. Since everything is linked, people benefit more from energy efficiency and design satisfaction in close-knit communities.

Ecological awareness moderates the relationship between identified components and consumer satisfaction by shaping residents’ ideas and values toward environmentally friendly services. Ecologically conscious people are happier and enjoy energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and sustainable design [100]. These factors boost customer satisfaction due to greater environmental awareness and care. Lower ecological awareness may reduce the association between eco-friendly features and satisfaction since they must fully comprehend their benefits. The study examines how ecological awareness moderates the effect of eco-friendly initiatives on consumer satisfaction. The environmental consciousness of citizens may affect these endeavors. Developers and policymakers need this information to target specific groups with their plans and messages for sustainable housing programs to be most effective [101].

7. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations

The study extensively explores the subject of consumer satisfaction in environmentally friendly residences in Shanghai, shedding light on the intricate elements that impact renters’ contentment. Thorough research has yielded a detailed understanding of the intricacies of satisfaction with green housing. This was achieved by systematically analysing essential factors, including energy efficiency, indoor air quality, overall design satisfaction, eco-friendly community initiatives, sense of community, and environmental consciousness. The findings reveal robust associations between customer satisfaction and other independent variables, underscoring the intricate character of residents’ encounters in environmentally friendly residences.

Several initiatives have been suggested to encourage the adoption of ecologically friendly housing in Shanghai, China.

• Short-Term Policy Implications: Policymakers and developers need to give precedence to immediate remedies in addressing pressing concerns and enhancing the first experiences of residents in eco-friendly residences. By prioritising steps that provide immediate outcomes, such as conducting thorough energy audits to identify and rectify inefficiencies, households may benefit from reduced power expenses and enhanced comfort. Two targeted community-building initiatives that may rapidly foster a sense of connection among members include organising introductory events and creating social spaces. Green housing projects may achieve greater short-term success by implementing prompt measures to address any emerging problems related to indoor air quality and by providing occupants with real-time feedback channels.
• Medium-Term Policy Implications: These include expanding on short-term initiatives and developing more comprehensive and enduring plans. Investing in environmental awareness education by policymakers has the potential to motivate individuals to embrace sustainable lifestyle choices in the long run. In the long term, laws should prioritise establishing new criteria for eco-friendly housing designs that cater to contemporary inhabitants’ requirements while maintaining aesthetic appeal and functionality. Enhancements to the medium-term profitability and viability of green housing projects may be accomplished by introducing performance-based incentives for developers and conducting regular reviews to assess the effectiveness of eco-friendly community initiatives.
• Long-Term Policy Implications: A sustainable framework and practices should be integrated into urban development to sustain long-term success. Legislators should pass stringent laws mandating that all new projects must incorporate greenconstruction standards in order to establish this as the new norm rather than the exception. This becomes especially important as it is essential to allocate resources for advancing research and development to make green homes more energy efficient and also to reduce their environmental impact as much as possible. In addition, school and community-based educational initiatives aimed at promoting a mindset of environmental accountability help create a foundation for the development of a population committed to environmental stewardship.

The findings of this study have important practical implications for policymakers and urban planners aiming to improve the quality of life for environmentally conscious consumers. First, developers should be financially motivated to utilize high-performance insulation, solar panels, and smart energy management systems since energy efficiency affects satisfaction. This might be tax credits or subsidies. Local governments may also promote zero-energy homes via public–private partnerships. Second, since interior air quality affects contentment, high-density urban regions like Shanghai should mandate buildings to have mechanical ventilation systems that ensure healthy air exchange rates and employ low-emission construction materials. Third, end-user engagement in the design process via participatory planning is vital to architectural and spatial design satisfaction. Urban planners should adopt more flexible zoning and design rules that cater to various aesthetic interests and lifestyles to improve residents’ comfort and uniqueness. Community gardens, rainwater collection systems, and shared composting facilities may promote neighbourhood sustainability. Municipalities should support eco-friendly community projects since they boost satisfaction. Social planning is very important in urban design since it boosts contentment and community. Planners should incorporate parks, coworking spaces, and cultural activity centres, which foster interaction. Finally, the two-way relationship between eco-consciousness and happiness shows that public activities to enhance knowledge of green housing’s environmental benefits may boost demand for such houses and make present residents happier. These strategies help create sustainable, pleasant, and easy-to-live-in urban residential settings.

Despite some limitations, the study provides significant insights into Shanghai customers’ happiness with eco-friendly houses. The sample’s occupational concentration limits its coverage of eco-friendly house owners, even when it strives to include others. Thus, our findings may only apply to some environmentally aware homeowners. Researchers should include more professional and socioeconomic groups in future studies to obtain a more accurate and inclusive picture of contentment with eco-friendly houses. The questionnaire captures key satisfaction factors but cannot account for the diversity of demographic and professional experiences. Future research should adopt a more inclusive sample approach and a more adaptive questionnaire design to promote generalizability and capture more perspectives. Further, Longitudinal research may provide valuable insights into the evolving resident experiences in eco-friendly dwellings by tracking changes in consumer satisfaction over an extended period. Conducting comparison research across various regions or cities might help us better grasp how cultural differences and unique urban contexts affect the dynamics of green home satisfaction. To supplement quantitative data, qualitative approaches such as focus groups or in-depth interviews help researchers better understand people’s lives in eco-friendly homes. One intriguing topic for further research is the effect of smart home integration on consumer well-being. To obtain a thorough understanding of the interaction between environmental variables, design components, and resident well-being in green housing, it is recommended that social scientists, urban planners, and environmental scientists form collaborative collaborations. To guarantee the long-term success and sustainability of green housing initiatives, it is critical to recognize and overcome these limits while aggressively seeking future opportunities. This will lead to a better understanding of client satisfaction in environmentally friendly dwellings.