Mechanical Response of Hot-Mixed Epoxy Asphalt Concrete Steel Deck Pavement Under Thermal and Load
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Mix Proportion and Specimen Making
2.2.1. Mix Proportion Design
2.2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Test Procedure
2.3.1. Loading Equipment and Methods
2.3.2. Test Temperature Control
2.3.3. Test Monitoring Scheme
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mechanical Response of Static Load Test
3.1.1. Strain at Bottom of Steel Bridge Deck
3.1.2. Strain on the Surface of Steel Bridge Deck
3.1.3. Strain of Pavement Surface
3.1.4. Relative Deflection and Absolute Displacement
3.2. Mechanical Response of Dynamic Load Test
3.2.1. Transverse Strain at the Bottom of Steel Bridge Deck
3.2.2. Transverse Strain of Steel Bridge Deck Surface
3.2.3. Transverse Strain of Pavement Surface
3.2.4. Relative Deflection and Absolute Displacement
3.3. Influence of Load on Mechanical Response
3.3.1. Transverse Strain at the Bottom of Steel Bridge Deck
3.3.2. Transverse Strain of Pavement Surface
3.3.3. Relative Deflection
3.4. Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Response
3.4.1. Transverse Strain at the Bottom of Steel Bridge Deck
3.4.2. Transverse Strain of Pavement Surface
3.4.3. Relative Deflection
3.5. Regression Analysis of Mechanical Index
3.5.1. Maximum Transverse Strain at the Bottom of Steel Bridge Deck
3.5.2. Transverse Strain of Pavement Surface
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The weld aligned with the center of the load zone, the U-rib weld near the load zone, and the area between two adjacent U-ribs in the load zone are the three locations where the maximum strain or deflection occurs. These are also the areas most prone to fatigue failure.
- (2)
- The maximum longitudinal strain is lower than the maximum transverse strain and occurs at the center of the U-ribs within the loading area. Furthermore, the longitudinal strain between the U-ribs is greater than that at the U-rib welds.
- (3)
- Under identical operating conditions, the loading type does not influence the distribution of the mechanical response, but it does affect the mechanical effects, with strains and deflections generated under static loading being greater than those produced under dynamic loading.
- (4)
- Considering only the load effect, both the transverse strain and relative deflection increase with the increase in load. The strain exhibits an exponential relationship with the load, while the relative deflection follows a cubic function. When examining the effects of temperature alone, the transverse strain rises exponentially with temperature. The relative deflection is primarily influenced by the load and shows limited sensitivity to temperature variations.
- (5)
- Considering the coupled effects of temperature and load as independent variables, an orthogonal experiment was designed to yield exponential equations for the maximum lateral strain on the bottom surface of the steel bridge and the maximum lateral strain on the pavement surface. However, the limited experimental data and discrepancies between the experimental conditions and real-world scenarios necessitate further validation of these equations. Moving forward, the research team will analyze monitoring data from this full-scale experimental bridge to investigate the equations’ applicability.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name and Dosage of Mineral Aggregate (%) | Percentage Through Each Square-Mesh Sieve (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13.2 mm | 9.5 mm | 4.75 mm | 2.36 mm | 1.18 mm | 0.6 mm | 0.3 mm | 0.15 mm | 0.075 mm | |
No.1 (4.0) | 4.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
No.2 (22.0) | 22.0 | 22.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
No.3 (21.0) | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 5.9 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
No.4 (22.0) | 22.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 13.9 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
No.5 (24.0) | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 18.4 | 11.5 | 3.3 |
Mineral powder (7.0) | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.0 |
Mixture gradation | 100 | 96.5 | 74.1 | 58.9 | 45.4 | 32.5 | 25.4 | 18.4 | 9.3 |
Graduation Type | Oil-Stone Ratio (%) | Stability (kN) | Flow Value (0.1 mm) | Percentage of Void (%) | VMA (%) | Saturation (%) | Bulk Specific Gravity of Bituminous Mixtures |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EA-10 | 6.5 | 76.59 | 34.8 | 1.5 | 15.4 | 90.3 | 2.584 |
Temperature (°C) | Load (kN) | |
---|---|---|
Level 1 | 48.5 | 60 |
Level 2 | 49.0 | 120 |
Level 3 | 49.5 | 180 |
Level 4 | 50.0 | 300 |
Combination | Temperature (°C) | Load (kN) | Strain (με) ε |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 48.5 | 60 | −272.67 |
2 | 48.5 | 120 | −349.24 |
3 | 48.5 | 180 | −493.71 |
4 | 48.5 | 300 | −618.91 |
5 | 49.0 | 60 | −276.33 |
6 | 49.0 | 120 | −362.55 |
7 | 49.0 | 180 | −505.13 |
8 | 49.0 | 300 | −615.57 |
9 | 49.5 | 60 | −280.62 |
10 | 49.5 | 120 | −371.25 |
11 | 49.5 | 180 | −495.72 |
12 | 49.5 | 300 | −632.33 |
13 | 50.0 | 60 | −286.77 |
14 | 50.0 | 120 | −381.50 |
15 | 50.0 | 180 | −511.13 |
16 | 50.0 | 300 | −628.89 |
Combination | Temperature (°C) | Load (kN) | Strain (με) ε |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 48.5 | 60 | 675.09 |
2 | 48.5 | 120 | 814.32 |
3 | 48.5 | 180 | 927.71 |
4 | 48.5 | 300 | 1217.83 |
5 | 49 | 60 | 701.48 |
6 | 49 | 120 | 834.57 |
7 | 49 | 180 | 934.25 |
8 | 49 | 300 | 1233.43 |
9 | 49.5 | 60 | 718.79 |
10 | 49.5 | 120 | 857.81 |
11 | 49.5 | 180 | 970.17 |
12 | 49.5 | 300 | 1251.31 |
13 | 50 | 60 | 767.07 |
14 | 50 | 120 | 988.32 |
15 | 50 | 180 | 1207.35 |
16 | 50 | 300 | 1288.98 |
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Xu, X.; Zhang, H.; Cui, L.; Luo, R.; Li, G.; Li, M.; Gao, P. Mechanical Response of Hot-Mixed Epoxy Asphalt Concrete Steel Deck Pavement Under Thermal and Load. Buildings 2024, 14, 3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113482
Xu X, Zhang H, Cui L, Luo R, Li G, Li M, Gao P. Mechanical Response of Hot-Mixed Epoxy Asphalt Concrete Steel Deck Pavement Under Thermal and Load. Buildings. 2024; 14(11):3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113482
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Xuan, Hui Zhang, Lei Cui, Ruilin Luo, Guoqing Li, Min Li, and Peiwei Gao. 2024. "Mechanical Response of Hot-Mixed Epoxy Asphalt Concrete Steel Deck Pavement Under Thermal and Load" Buildings 14, no. 11: 3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113482
APA StyleXu, X., Zhang, H., Cui, L., Luo, R., Li, G., Li, M., & Gao, P. (2024). Mechanical Response of Hot-Mixed Epoxy Asphalt Concrete Steel Deck Pavement Under Thermal and Load. Buildings, 14(11), 3482. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113482