Ground Vibration Response to Vibratory Sheet Pile Driving and Extraction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Field Testing
2.1. Project Overview
2.2. Soil Conditions
2.3. Test Procedures
2.4. Test Results
3. Numerical Analysis
3.1. Numeriacal Methods
3.2. Model Generation
3.3. Validation and Analysis
3.4. Parametric Study
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Ground vibration response modes are distinctly different during the driving and extraction of sheet piles. During pile driving, the critical depth typically belongs to the shallower soil layers (<1 m) due to the pile’s entry effect. During pile extraction, sheet piles need to overcome the soil locking effect, leading to a critical depth usually corresponding to the embedment depth of the sheet pile.
- (2)
- A systematic assessment reveals that ground vibrations caused by sheet pile construction activities generally do not directly damage adjacent buildings or structures, but may cause annoyance to nearby residents. Ground vibrations rapidly decrease in the near-field (<6 m), while in the far-field (>6 m), the attenuation rate significantly slows down. Vibration disturbance can be widely perceived by local residents within a radial distance of less than 12 m.
- (3)
- Appropriate adjustments to vibration source parameters can effectively reduce ground vibration levels. Rapidly driving sheet piles into shallow soil layers with higher frequencies and larger amplitudes can effectively mitigate vibrations. During pile extraction, it is recommended to initially vibrate the sheet pile at higher frequencies and smaller amplitudes for a period to soften the surrounding soil before slowly extracting it.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Literature | Geometry | Length (m) | Testing Process | Main Soil Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
[11] | Pipe pile | 5 | Vibratory driving | London clay |
[12] | Pipe pile | 10 | Vibratory driving | Sandy clay |
[21] | H-type | 16.8 | Impact driving | Sand, silt |
[22] | Z-type | 13.8 | Vibratory driving | Sand, gravel |
The present study | U-type | 12 | Vibratory driving and extraction | Beijing silty clay |
Parameter | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|
Eccentric moment | N·m | 65 |
Main body weight | kg | 2873 |
Maximum frequency | Hz | 47 |
Maximum centrifugal force | kN | 580 |
Maximum operating pressure | MPa | 30 |
Maximum amplitude excluding clamp | mm | 14 |
Maximum amplitude including clamp | mm | 10.8 |
No. | Soil Type | Density (g/cm3) | Elastic Modulus (MPa) | Cohesion (kPa) | Friction Angle (°) | Poisson’s Ratio | Shear Wave Velocity (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Plain fill | 1.98 | 27.4 | 26.5 | 15.2 | - | 138 |
2 | Silty clay | 1.96 | 18.9 | 25.2 | 15.8 | 0.45 | 188 |
3 | Silty clay | 1.97 | 20.7 | 28.4 | 14.5 | 0.43 | 219 |
4 | Clayey silt | 1.98 | 37.5 | 13.8 | 24.2 | 0.39 | 226 |
5 | Silty clay | 1.98 | 27 | 27.9 | 14.6 | 0.42 | 232 |
6 | Fine sand | 2.05 | 67.5 | 0 | 30 | 0.35 | 267 |
Material Type | Constitutive Model | Density (g/cm3) | Elastic Modulus (MPa) | Poisson’s Ratio | Cohesion (kPa) | Friction Angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Silty clay | Mohr Column | 1.97 | 26.2 | 0.42 | 23.5 | 17.4 |
Steel | Linear elastic | 7.89 | 2.09 × 105 | 0.25 | - | - |
Reference | Frequency Range (Hz) | Type of Structure | Allowable PPV (mm/s) |
---|---|---|---|
Europe Standard ENV 1993-5 [34] | Buried services | 40 | |
Heavy industrial | 30 | ||
Light commercial | 20 | ||
Residential | 10 | ||
Ruins, building of architectural merit | 4 | ||
British Standard BS 7385-2 [35] | >15 | Unreinforced or light framed structures, residential or light commercial buildings | 20–50 |
German Standard DIN 4150-3 [36] | Commercial–industrial | 20 | |
Residential | 5 | ||
Sensitive–historic | 3 | ||
Swiss Standard SN640312 [37] | Buildings in steel or reinforced concrete | 30.48 | |
Buildings with foundation walls and floors in concrete, walls in concrete or masonry, stone masonry retaining walls, underground chambers and tunnels with masonry alignment, conduit in loose material | 17.78 | ||
Buildings as mentioned previously but with wooden ceilings and walls in masonry | 12.7 | ||
Construction very sensitive to vibration, objects of historic interest | 7.62 | ||
China Standard GB50868 [38] | 50 | Industrial Buildings, Public Buildings | 12 |
Residential Buildings | 6 | ||
Buildings sensitive to vibration, of historic or cultural significance | 3 |
Vibration Level (mm/s) | Effect |
---|---|
0.14 | Vibration might be just perceptible in the most sensitive situations for most vibration frequencies associated with construction |
0.3 | Vibration might be just perceptible in residential environments |
1.0 | It is likely that vibration of this level in residential environments will cause complaint, but can be tolerated if prior warning and explanation has been given to residents |
10 | Vibration is likely to be intolerable for any more than a very brief exposure to this level in most building environments |
Model | Process | Frequency (Hz) | Amplitude (kN) | Max. PPV (mm/s) | Critical Depth (m) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 m | 4 m | 6 m | |||||
1 | Driving | 45 | 500 | 14.12 | 8.95 | 2.75 | 0.58 |
2 | Driving | 45 | 400 | 14.48 | 8.96 | 2.75 | 0.56 |
3 | Driving | 36 | 500 | 14.63 | 9.10 | 2.76 | 0.63 |
4 | Extraction | 45 | 500 | 15.14 | 9.25 | 4.93 | 11.30 |
5 | Extraction | 45 | 400 | 14.98 | 9.24 | 4.93 | 11.33 |
6 | Extraction | 36 | 500 | 15.30 | 9.26 | 4.93 | 11.25 |
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Guo, F.; Jia, C.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Huang, F.; Wang, G.; Yang, S. Ground Vibration Response to Vibratory Sheet Pile Driving and Extraction. Buildings 2023, 13, 2897. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112897
Guo F, Jia C, Li Z, Wang Y, Huang F, Wang G, Yang S. Ground Vibration Response to Vibratory Sheet Pile Driving and Extraction. Buildings. 2023; 13(11):2897. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112897
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Feng, Cangqin Jia, Zuochun Li, Yajian Wang, Feng Huang, Guihe Wang, and Shuo Yang. 2023. "Ground Vibration Response to Vibratory Sheet Pile Driving and Extraction" Buildings 13, no. 11: 2897. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112897
APA StyleGuo, F., Jia, C., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Huang, F., Wang, G., & Yang, S. (2023). Ground Vibration Response to Vibratory Sheet Pile Driving and Extraction. Buildings, 13(11), 2897. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112897