Assessment of Safety of Masonry Buildings near Deep Excavations: Ultimate Limit States
Abstract
:1. Introduction
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- Design methods for determining the required area and forces in temporary rods protecting the ground part of the masonry building;
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- Procedures parallel to current design standards for verifying ULS and SLS for masonry walls subjected to non-uniform displacements of the ground.
2. Conventional Methods for Protecting Buildings
2.1. Protection of the Ground Parts of Buildings
2.1.1. Simplified Method for Verifying ULS
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- In corners of the building: , , , ;
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- At points within a distance L0 from the building corner C, which is closest to the excavation shoring: , .
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- Side AF: ;
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- Side CE: ;
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- Side AC: ;
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- Side EF: .
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- At points within a distance L0y from the nearest to the excavation shoring corner C of the building: , ;
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- At points within a distance L0x from the nearest to the excavation shoring corner C of the building: , .
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- Side CH: ;
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- Side DI: .
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- Side AG: ;
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- Side CE: .
2.1.2. Examples of the Strengthening of Ground Parts of Buildings
2.2. Protection of Underground Parts of Buildings
2.2.1. Determining Internal Forces in Foundations
2.2.2. Examples of the Strengthening of Underground Parts of Buildings
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- For tensile deformations: reinforced concrete aprons, anchored diaphragms;
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- For compressive deformations: anchored diaphragms, treatments that restrain ground pressure on foundations.
3. Original Proposals to Verify ULS for Masonry Buildings
3.1. Detailed Method for Calculating the Strengthening of Walls–Original Proposal
- Qxx—component of horizontal force acc. to (22);
- W—the resultant force caused by wind action (acc. to Figure 11);
- As—the area of reinforcement at a given level hi;
- hi—distance between reinforcement and the neutral axis of wall section;
- —jacking forces in tie rods;
- M0—bending moment causing rotation of a part of the building acc. to (23).
3.2. Adaptation of the Method for Verifying ULS of Walls Subjected to Vertical Loading
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- Top edge of the wall
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- Bottom edge of the wall
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- Top edge of the wall
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- Bottom edge of the wall
3.3. Adaptation of the Method for Verifying the Shear ULS of Pillars between Openings
4. Results
5. Conclusions
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- Determine the area of steel tie rods in any location along the building height;
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- Determine the additional prestressing forces in the rods depending on the process of building settlement;
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- Determine values of compressive stresses in the compressed zones of the building section.
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- Determine internal forces and eccentricities of inclined masonry walls;
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- Determine reduction factors for the load-bearing capacity of walls in representative cross-sections and to verify ULS for walls with different types of floors.
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- Changes in distributions of shear stresses below foundations depending on ground deformations;
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- Ready formulas for calculating deformations depending on the impact zones of deep excavation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Jasiński, R.; Harabinova, S.; Kotrasova, K.; Skrzypczak, I. Assessment of Safety of Masonry Buildings near Deep Excavations: Ultimate Limit States. Buildings 2023, 13, 2803. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112803
Jasiński R, Harabinova S, Kotrasova K, Skrzypczak I. Assessment of Safety of Masonry Buildings near Deep Excavations: Ultimate Limit States. Buildings. 2023; 13(11):2803. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112803
Chicago/Turabian StyleJasiński, Radosław, Slavka Harabinova, Kamila Kotrasova, and Izabela Skrzypczak. 2023. "Assessment of Safety of Masonry Buildings near Deep Excavations: Ultimate Limit States" Buildings 13, no. 11: 2803. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112803