Navigation Tasks in Desktop VR Environments to Improve the Spatial Orientation Skill of Building Engineers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Spatial Orientation Skill in the Context of Virtual Environments (VE)
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Software
3.2. Perspective-Taking/Spatial Orientation Test
Test Instructions
3.3. Questionnaire
3.4. Methodology: The Workshop
3.4.1. Participants
3.4.2. Procedure
- Navigation task 1 (Figure 4): Access the campus of the Building Engineering Faculty and stand in front of its façade. To the right of the façade, you will see a wall with glass blocks. How many glass blocks make up a row?
- Navigation task 2 (Figure 5): Once you are inside the building, you will see two double doors in front of you on the left and right. Enter through the door on the right and you will be in the school auditorium. Walk to the stage and get on it (you will have to jump). Walk to the edge of the stage and visualize the entire auditorium from the back of the room to the hole near your feet (try not to fall off the stage!). You will see two areas with armchairs separated by a central corridor. From your position, look at the seating area to the left of the aisle. How many seats are in the second row?
- Navigation task 3 (Figure 6): Exit the auditorium through the door on the left. Walk to your left, you will see an elevator. It cannot be used during the pandemic. What bad luck! You have to turn 180° and go toward the stairs. When you reach the stairs you will see, on your right, a vending machine. How many buttons are on the vending machine keypad?
- Navigation task 4 (Figure 7): Turn left, then left again. You will see a long corridor. At the end of the corridor, on the left, there is a double door. Go through that door and you should be in the Student Center food court. Walk right to the bar counter and order a latte (“Order a latte” is a touch of humor to break up the numerous instructions; it is not a real task.). Through the back windows, on your left, you will see the exterior of the building. Get out and get some air and come back in again. Now, walk parallel to the bar counter and leave four tables behind. Turn around. From your position, how many lights are there on the ceiling of the Student Center food court?
- Navigation task 5 (Figure 8): Exit the Student Center food court through the door on the right. Walk to the left and you will see the stairs. Go up one floor, you are already in the corridor on floor 1. Walk down the corridor until you reach some windows that look towards an inner courtyard. Take a look at the inner courtyard from different points of view. How many windows face the inner courtyard? Is it possible to see the sky through the inner courtyard? Stand in front of the stairs to go up to the second floor. How many steps are in the first flight of stairs?
- Navigation task 6 (Figure 9): Go upstairs and you will reach the corridor on the second floor. On which wall are the fire extinguishers, on the right wall or the left wall? How many fire extinguishers are there in the corridor?
4. Results
4.1. Spatial Orientation Skill
4.2. Questionnaire
5. Discussion
5.1. Research Hypotheses H1
5.2. Research Hypotheses H2
5.3. Discussion of Questionnaire Results
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Workshop Questionnaire |
---|
1. “My interactions with the virtual environment seemed natural” |
2. “I could examine objects from multiple viewpoints” |
3. “The visual aspects of the virtual environment involved me” |
4. “The sense of moving around inside the virtual environment was compelling” |
5. “Personally, I would say the virtual environment is practical” |
6. “Personally, I would say the virtual environment is manageable” |
7. “I found this virtual environment amateurish (1)/professional (10)” |
8. “I suffered from fatigue during my interaction with the virtual environment” |
9. “I suffered from dizziness during my interaction with the virtual environment” |
10. “During the workshop, when carrying out the navigation tasks in the virtual environment, I sometimes lost my orientation.” |
Strategies for Spatial Orientation Skill Development | |
---|---|
Map Learning or Survey Learning | Route-Based Learning, Wayfinding or Navigation |
Previous research Geoportals | Previous research Augmented and Virtual Reality Preset research Desktop Virtual Reality |
Phase 1: Instruction | Timing | |||
| 2 h | |||
Phase 2: Navigation Tasks | 2 h | |||
Navigation task | Navigation task from | Target location | VR-Interaction movements | |
1 | Outside the building | Outside the building | Forward/backward | |
Left/right | ||||
2 | Inside the building | Inside the building | Forward/backward | |
Left/right | ||||
Jump (overcome obstacles) | ||||
3 | Inside the building | Inside the building | Forward/backward | |
Left/right | ||||
Jump (overcome obstacles) | ||||
4 | Inside the building | Inside the building | Forward/backward | |
Left/right | ||||
Jump (overcome obstacles) | ||||
5 | Inside the building | Inside and outside the building | Forward/backward | |
Left/right | ||||
Jump (overcome obstacles and up/down stairs) | ||||
360° display movements with the mouse | ||||
6 | Inside the building | Inside the building | Forward/backward | |
Left/right | ||||
Jump (up/down stairs) | ||||
Phase 3: Perspective Taking Spatial Orientation Post-test Pre-test was performed before the workshop | 5 min | |||
Phase 4: User questionnaire 10 items on a 1–10 Likert Scale | 20 min |
Workshop Questionnaire | |
---|---|
Item | Mean Score (1–10) (SD) |
1. “My interactions with the virtual environment seemed natural” | 6.84 (2.15) |
2. “I could examine objects from multiple viewpoints” | 8.76 (1.42) |
3. “The visual aspects of the virtual environment involved me” | 7.00 (1.76) |
4. “The sense of moving around inside the virtual environment was compelling” | 7.52 (1.48) |
5. “Personally, I would say the virtual environment is practical” | 8.28 (1.66) |
6. “Personally, I would say the virtual environment is manageable” | 8.00 (1.71) |
7. “I found this virtual environment amateurish (1)/professional (10)” | 5.40 (1.68) |
8. “I suffered from fatigue during my interaction with the virtual environment” | 2.00 (1.78) |
9. “I suffered from dizziness during my interaction with the virtual environment” | 1.32 (0.63) |
10. “During the workshop, when carrying out the navigation tasks in the virtual environment, I sometimes lost my orientation.” | 5.88 (1.59) |
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Carbonell-Carrera, C.; Saorin, J.L.; Jaeger, A.J. Navigation Tasks in Desktop VR Environments to Improve the Spatial Orientation Skill of Building Engineers. Buildings 2021, 11, 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100492
Carbonell-Carrera C, Saorin JL, Jaeger AJ. Navigation Tasks in Desktop VR Environments to Improve the Spatial Orientation Skill of Building Engineers. Buildings. 2021; 11(10):492. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100492
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarbonell-Carrera, Carlos, Jose Luis Saorin, and Allison J. Jaeger. 2021. "Navigation Tasks in Desktop VR Environments to Improve the Spatial Orientation Skill of Building Engineers" Buildings 11, no. 10: 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100492
APA StyleCarbonell-Carrera, C., Saorin, J. L., & Jaeger, A. J. (2021). Navigation Tasks in Desktop VR Environments to Improve the Spatial Orientation Skill of Building Engineers. Buildings, 11(10), 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100492