Thermo-Mechanical Properties of a Wood Fiber Insulation Board Using a Bio-Based Adhesive as a Binder
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Wood Fibers
2.1.2. Bio-Based Adhesive
2.1.3. Insulation Boards’ Manufacturing
2.1.4. Characterization of Glycerol
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Bio-Based Adhesives’ Characterization
2.2.2. Determination of Properties of Insulation Board
- Density profiles’ tests
- Thermal conductivity tests
- Mechanical properties’ tests
2.2.3. Morphology Characterization of Insulation Boards
2.2.4. Experimental Design and Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Insulation Board Manufacturing
3.2. Characterization of Bio-Based Adhesive
3.3. Density Profile of Insulation Boards
3.4. Thermal Conductivity
3.5. Physical and Mechanical Properties
3.6. Microstructural Analyses of Insulation Boards
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Formulation | Reactants Content (g) | Condensed Tannins Content (wt.%) 1 | Cellulose Filaments Content (wt.%) | p-TSA 2 Content (wt.%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude Glycerol (CG) | Citric Acid (CA) | ||||
CG1:CA0.66 | 92.09 | 126.81 | 2 | 0.01 | 1.33 |
CG1:CA1 | 92.09 | 192.13 | 2 | 0.01 | 1.33 |
Formulation | Bio-Based Adhesive Content (%) | Fiber Content (g) | Water Content (g) |
---|---|---|---|
CG1:CA0.66 | 14 | 976 | 67 |
CG1:CA0.66 | 20 | 923 | 52 |
CG1:CA1 | 14 | 976 | 67 |
CG1:CA1 | 20 | 923 | 52 |
Pure Glycerol | Crude Glycerol | |
---|---|---|
Concentration (%) | 99 ± 1 | 88 ± 3 |
pH | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.1 |
Density (g/cm3) | 1.262 ± 0.002 | 1.254 ± 0.003 |
Viscosity (cP) | 800 ± 20 | 180 ± 10 |
Source | Degree of Freedom | F Value | Pr > F |
---|---|---|---|
Design | |||
Reactants ratio | 1 | 3.81 | 0.0594 NS |
Bio-based adhesive content | 1 | 5.49 | 0.0253 * |
Reactants ratio x bio-based adhesive content | 1 | 4.37 | 0.0444 * |
Insulation Boards/Materials | Density (kg m−3) | Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Board-CG1:CA0.66–14% | 338 ± 19 | 0.064 | |
Board-CG1:CA0.66–20% | 338 ± 13 | 0.064 | |
Board-CG1:CA1–14% | 332 ± 23 | 0.066 | |
Board-CG1:CA1–20% | 332 ± 24 | 0.064 | |
Coconut husk insulation board | 250–350 | 0.046–0.068 | [4] |
Bagasse insulation board | 250–350 | 0.049–0.055 | [4] |
Larch back insulation board | 250–500 | 0.069–0.093 | [10] |
Kenaf-fibers insulation board | 0.069–0.087 | [8] | |
Corn cob particleboard | 171–334 | 0.101 | [28] |
Cotton stalk fibers | 150–450 | 0.059–0.082 | [11] |
Mineral wool (fiberglass and rockwool) | 24–200 | 0.025–0.047 | [30] |
Polystyrene (closed cell foam) | 16–35 | 0.034–0.035 | [30] |
Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) | 24–42 | 0.026–0.035 | [30] |
Source | Modulus of Rupture (MPa) | Tensile Strength Parallel to Surface (kPa) | Tensile Strength Perpendicular to Surface (kPa) | Compressive Strength to 10% Thickness (kPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Design | ||||
Reactants ratio | 0.8455 NS | 0.0045 ** | 0.5830 NS | 0.6222 NS |
Bio-based adhesive content | 0.0515 NS | 0.1067 NS | <0.0001 ** | 0.0005 ** |
Reactants ratio x bio-based adhesive content | 0.0587 NS | 0.0256 * | 0.2497 NS | 0.1562 NS |
Insulation Board | Density (kg m−3) | Modulus of Rupture (MPa) | Tensile Strength Parallel to Surface (kPa) | Tensile Strength Perpendicular to Surface (kPa) | Compressive Strength to 10% Thickness (kPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Board-CG1:CA0.66-14% | 338 (6) 2 | 0.92 (22) | 672 (17) | 113 (21) | 1142 (10) |
Board-CG1:CA0.66-20% | 338 (4) | 1.10 (25) | 692 (10) | 154 (25) | 1062 (13) |
Board-CG1:CA1-14% | 332 (7) | 0.91 (29) | 651 (18) | 117 (18) | 1206 (8) |
Board-CG1:CA1-20% | 332 (7) | 1.13 (23) | 575 (32) | 141 (30) | 1030 (10) |
ASTM C208-12 1 | 160–497 | 0.97–2.76 | 345–1379 | 23.9–38.3 | 100–105 |
Insulation Board | * Total Porosity in % |
---|---|
Board-CG1:CA0.66-14% | 54.27 (1.82) Aa |
Board-CG1:CA0.66-20% | 51.57 (1.79) Aa |
Board-CG1:CA1-14% | 48.57 (1.53) Ba |
Board-CG1:CA1-20% | 46.36 (1.18) Ba |
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Segovia, F.; Blanchet, P.; Auclair, N.; Essoua Essoua, G.G. Thermo-Mechanical Properties of a Wood Fiber Insulation Board Using a Bio-Based Adhesive as a Binder. Buildings 2020, 10, 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10090152
Segovia F, Blanchet P, Auclair N, Essoua Essoua GG. Thermo-Mechanical Properties of a Wood Fiber Insulation Board Using a Bio-Based Adhesive as a Binder. Buildings. 2020; 10(9):152. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10090152
Chicago/Turabian StyleSegovia, Franz, Pierre Blanchet, Nicolas Auclair, and Gatien Geraud Essoua Essoua. 2020. "Thermo-Mechanical Properties of a Wood Fiber Insulation Board Using a Bio-Based Adhesive as a Binder" Buildings 10, no. 9: 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10090152