A New Method for Internal Force Detection of Steel Bars Covered by Concrete Based on the Metal Magnetic Memory Effect
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. SMFL Signal Results of SBCC Specimens in the Fixed-Point Monitoring Test
3.1.1. The Variation Law of the Tangential Component (By Signal) of the SMFL Signal
3.1.2. The Variation Law of the First Derivative of the By Signal
3.2. The Results of the By Signal in the Axial Scanning Test of SBCC Specimens
3.2.1. Verification of the Parameter AT
3.2.2. Strengthening Stage Tensile Force Calculation and Area Ratio Deviation Parameter SD
3.3. Influence of Outer Concrete Strength and Steel Bar Diameter of SBCC Specimens on Test Results
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- In the fixed-point monitoring test of the SBCC specimen, the tangential component (By signal) of the SMFL signal on the surface of the specimen first decreases and then increases during the loading process. When it increases to a certain size, it will enter the “platform stage”. The By signal curve still has a maximum extreme point before entering the “platform stage”, and the ratio of the tensile force corresponding to the maximum extreme point to the yield tension is close to but less than 90%. The first derivative curve of the By signal shows a distinct peak during the elastic stage of the specimen, and no significant peaks appear during the yielding stage.
- (2)
- In the axial scanning test of the SBCC specimen, the By signal is distributed along the axial position of the specimen to a curve with small values at both ends and a large value in the intermediate part, of which the local region is smooth without fluctuations or numerical jumps. In order to calculate the internal tensile force of the specimen effectively and accurately, this paper proposes the “area ratio deviation parameter” SD. This parameter shows a significant linear relationship with the internal tensile force T of the specimen during the strengthening stage of the SBCC specimen, which can provide a new method for the tensile force calculation of the steel bar in the strengthening stage.
- (3)
- Regarding the influences of the steel bar diameter of the SBCC specimen and the strength of the outer concrete on the test results, before the specimen enters the yielding stage, the corresponding tensile force of the maximum extreme point increases with the increase of the diameter of the steel bar. The ratio of the tensile force to the yielding tension increases as the diameter of the steel bar in the SBCC specimen increases. The ratio of the tensile force corresponding to the peak value on the first derivative curve of the By signal to the yield tension decreases with the increase of the steel bar diameter of the SBCC specimen. The slope of the linear portion in the SD–T diagram decreases with the increase of the diameter of the steel bar in the specimen, and it shows a decreasing trend as the strength of the outer concrete increases.
- (4)
- Based on the theory of metal magnetic memory, the experimental research object in this paper is closer to the actual project, and a new internal force calculation method has been proposed. The method is simple in principle, easy in operation, and rapid in detection. It can supplement the existing steel bar stress detection methods, and has prospective research value.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Steel | Mass Fraction Chemical Composition (%) | Designed Tensile Strength (MPa) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Si | Mn | P | S | ||
HRB 400 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 360 |
Concrete Mark | Material Usage Per Cubic Concrete (kg) | Volumetric Weight (kN/m3) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water | Cement | Sand | Crushed Stone | Admixture | Fly Ash | ||
C30 | 178 | 334 | 759 | 1092 | 5.3 | 41 | 24.09 |
C40 | 170 | 391 | 718 | 1083 | 7.3 | 41 | 24.10 |
C50 | 173 | 410 | 696 | 1083 | 8.2 | 50 | 24.20 |
Concrete Mark | Diameter of Steel Bar | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 mm | 16 mm | 18 mm | 20 mm | 25 mm | ||
C30 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 20 |
C40 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 20 |
C50 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 20 |
Total | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 60 |
LH | Diameter of Steel Bar/The Outer Concrete Mark | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 mm/C40 | 18 mm/C30 | 18 mm/C40 | 18 mm/C50 | 20 mm/C40 | |
1 cm | 0.0313 | 0.0321 | 0.0297 | 0.0212 | 0.0187 |
3 cm | 0.0260 | 0.0273 | 0.0249 | 0.0177 | 0.0168 |
5 cm | 0.0220 | 0.0212 | 0.0201 | 0.0154 | 0.0152 |
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Pang, C.; Zhou, J.; Zhao, Q.; Zhao, R.; Chen, Z.; Zhou, Y. A New Method for Internal Force Detection of Steel Bars Covered by Concrete Based on the Metal Magnetic Memory Effect. Metals 2019, 9, 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060661
Pang C, Zhou J, Zhao Q, Zhao R, Chen Z, Zhou Y. A New Method for Internal Force Detection of Steel Bars Covered by Concrete Based on the Metal Magnetic Memory Effect. Metals. 2019; 9(6):661. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060661
Chicago/Turabian StylePang, Caoyuan, Jianting Zhou, Qingyuan Zhao, Ruiqiang Zhao, Zhuo Chen, and Yi Zhou. 2019. "A New Method for Internal Force Detection of Steel Bars Covered by Concrete Based on the Metal Magnetic Memory Effect" Metals 9, no. 6: 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060661