Effects of WC Particle Types on the Microstructures and Properties of WC-Reinforced Ni60 Composite Coatings Produced by Laser Cladding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Experimental Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Microstructures of the Coatings
- (1)
- The melting point and density of the WC particles are higher than those of the Ni-based cladding alloy. With a melted Ni-based alloy to form a liquid molten pool, the WC remained in a complete particle state.
- (2)
- Intense convection caused by laser shock, and the stirring of the molten pool during laser cladding, can cause the WC particles to be evenly distributed through all positions of the molten pool.
- (3)
- During the process of cooling and solidification of the molten pool, WC particles tend to precipitate at the bottom of the molten pool, as the stirring action of the molten pool slows down. Among the three kinds of WC particles, a spherical WC particle has the largest size and the heaviest weight, so that the precipitation phenomenon is the most obvious. The flocculent WC particles are very small in size, with the existence of a large number of interspace structures, reducing the density of the unit volume. Therefore, the flocculent WC is evenly distributed in the cladding coating without precipitation.
3.2. Microhardness of Coatings
3.3. Wear Behaviors of Coatings
3.4. Electrochemical Corrosion of Coatings
3.5. Associativity
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The spherical WC are mostly distributed within the lower part of the structure, and the shaped WC particles are mainly stacked in the middle and lower parts, while the flocculent WC particles are basically dispersed homogeneously in various positions. Both the surfaces and the substrates of the coating, with the addition of either spherical WC or shaped WC, had needle-like or block-like hard phases (MxCy), while the addition of flocculent WC only produced flocculent and block-like hard phases in the substrate of the cladding coating.
- (2)
- The microhardnesses of the coatings with added spherical WC or shaped WC are relatively higher than the microhardnesses of the Ni60 coating and substrate. On the contrary, the microhardness of the cladding coating with flocculent WC added is slightly lower than that of the Ni60 matrix. However, due to the uniform distribution of the flocculent WC particles in the cladding coating, and because of their smaller sizes, they can play a uniform supporting role in the cladding layer and reduce the degree of stress concentration; therefore, a cladding coating with added flocculent WC has a better degree of wear resistance.
- (3)
- Electrochemical measurements and the thermal shock test indicated that the cladding coating with additional flocculent WC has a higher degree of corrosion resistance and associativity compared with the cladding coatings where spherical or shaped WC are added. In summary, the main reason for why the cladding coating with flocculent WC added has more favorable comprehensive properties than coatings with spherical WC or shaped WC added is due to the structure of the cladding coating, with flocculent WC particles distributed uniformly through the cladding layer in fine block-like and flocculent hard phases, and also due to the smaller sizes of the flocculent WC particles.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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S | P | C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.03 | 0.045 | 0.07–0.08 | 0.075–1 | 2 | 8–11 | 18–20 | Bal. |
C | W | B | Si | Fe | Cr | Ni |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.80 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 4.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | Bal |
Point | W | Fe | Cr | Ni | B | Si | C | Co |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 61.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 38.8 | - |
2 | 15.9 | 8.6 | 26.8 | 6.4 | 8.5 | - | 33.8 | - |
3 | 16.4 | 8.9 | 26.5 | 7.5 | 6.4 | - | 34.2 | - |
4 | 57.7 | - | - | - | - | - | 42.3 | - |
5 | 16.2 | 8.6 | 28.5 | 7.0 | 7.4 | - | 34.6 | - |
6 | 0.8 | 18.2 | 7.6 | 58.3 | - | 4.6 | 10.5 | - |
7 | 14.5 | 12.2 | 8.4 | 23.2 | - | 0.8 | 38.3 | 2.6 |
8 | 18.7 | 9.7 | 12.0 | 14.1 | - | - | 43.6 | 1.9 |
9 | 1.2 | 17.3 | 14.3 | 49.2 | - | 3.1 | 14.8 | - |
Test Times | Spherical WC | Shaped WC | Flocculent WC |
---|---|---|---|
Appearance of cracks | 2 | 1 | 3 |
5% crack rate | 3 | 2 | 14 |
Appearance of crazing on the entire surface | 5 | 3 | 33 |
Appearance of spalling | - | 30 | - |
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Zhang, P.; Pang, Y.; Yu, M. Effects of WC Particle Types on the Microstructures and Properties of WC-Reinforced Ni60 Composite Coatings Produced by Laser Cladding. Metals 2019, 9, 583. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9050583
Zhang P, Pang Y, Yu M. Effects of WC Particle Types on the Microstructures and Properties of WC-Reinforced Ni60 Composite Coatings Produced by Laser Cladding. Metals. 2019; 9(5):583. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9050583
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Pengxian, Yibin Pang, and Mingwei Yu. 2019. "Effects of WC Particle Types on the Microstructures and Properties of WC-Reinforced Ni60 Composite Coatings Produced by Laser Cladding" Metals 9, no. 5: 583. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9050583