Resistance of Thermally Aged DSS 2304 against Localized Corrosion Attack
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Electrochemical Measurements
2.2. Slow Strain Rate Test in NACE TM-0177 Solution in the Presence of S2O32−
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure
3.2. Pitting Potential Measurements
3.3. CPT Test
3.4. DL-EPR Test
3.5. SSRT
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The heat treatment in the 650–850 °C range on DSS 2304 determined the formation of chromium carbides at α/γ interphase and, under some conditions, the growth of Cr- and Mo-depleted γ2 phase.
- These microstructural modifications affected the localized corrosion performances of this alloy. Pitting and IGC mainly initiated in Cr- and Mo-depleted regions near to precipitates inside the γ2 and likely also the γ phases, then propagated in the ferrite matrix.
- Epitt and CPT values indicated a decrease in pitting resistance of DSS 2304 after 10 min aging at 650 and 750 °C, and the pitting behaviour worsened after longer aging time at these temperatures. At 850 °C, a 5-min aging was sufficient to markedly decrease the pitting resistance, but a recovery was observed after 60 min of aging.
- Similarly, DL-EPR results evidenced a significant IGC sensitization of DSS 2304 after 10 min at 750 °C and 60-min aging at both 650 and 750 °C but no aging treatment at 850 °C was detrimental to the alloy IGC resistance.
- As for pitting corrosion, SCC susceptibility in NACE solution containing 10−3 M S2O32− was also detected after 10 min aging at 650 and 750 °C and increased after longer aging time. SCC also occurred on the sample aged for 10 min at 850 °C. A longer heat treatment at this high temperature ensured a recovery of SCC resistance.
- SCC failure initiated at the bottom of pits and was likely stimulated by hydrogen penetration.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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DSS | C | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | N | Si | Cu | V | S | P | Fe | PREN * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DSS 2304 | 0.03 | 1.34 | 23.55 | 4.88 | 0.38 | 0.1 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.012 | 0.021 | Bal. | 26 |
Epitt (VSCE) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As-Received | 650 °C | 750 °C | 850 °C | ||||||
0 min | 5 min | 10 min | 60 min | 5 min | 10 min | 60 min | 5 min | 10 min | 60 min |
0.918 * ± 0.03 | 0.884 * ± 0.05 | 0.750 ± 0.08 | 0.481 ± 0.04 | 0.890 * ± 0.01 | 0.615 ± 0.01 | 0.336 ± 0.03 | 0.635 ± 0.06 | 0.640 ± 0.07 | 0.813 ± 0.04 |
HCl Concentration (%) | Ir/Ia% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
As-Received | 60 min 650 °C | 60 min 750 °C | 60 min 850 °C | |
0.3 | 0.02 ± 0.002 | 4.4 ± 0.05 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.003 |
0.45 | 0.08 ± 0.003 | 5.9 ± 0.07 | 1.4 ± 0.04 | 0.2 ± 0.02 |
0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.02 | 9.2 ± 0.11 | 5.2 ± 0.08 | 3.0 ± 0.05 |
εf% | As Received | 650 °C | 750 °C | 850 °C | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 min | 10 min | 60 min | 5 min | 10 min | 60 min | 5 min | 10 min | 60 min | ||
Air at 25 °C | 52 ± 1 | 52 ± 3 | 52 ± 2 | 50 ± 1 | 51 ± 2 | 52 ± 3 | 56 ± 2 | 51 ± 1 | 53 ± 2 | 57 ± 1 |
NACE TM-0177 with 10−3 M S2O32− | 51 ± 2 | 51 ± 1 | 43 ± 1 | 18 ± 3 | 50 ± 3 | 22 ± 1 | 25 ± 3 | 51 ± 3 | 22 ± 2 | 39 ± 2 |
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Zanotto, F.; Grassi, V.; Balbo, A.; Monticelli, C.; Zucchi, F. Resistance of Thermally Aged DSS 2304 against Localized Corrosion Attack. Metals 2018, 8, 1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121022
Zanotto F, Grassi V, Balbo A, Monticelli C, Zucchi F. Resistance of Thermally Aged DSS 2304 against Localized Corrosion Attack. Metals. 2018; 8(12):1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121022
Chicago/Turabian StyleZanotto, Federica, Vincenzo Grassi, Andrea Balbo, Cecilia Monticelli, and Fabrizio Zucchi. 2018. "Resistance of Thermally Aged DSS 2304 against Localized Corrosion Attack" Metals 8, no. 12: 1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121022