Determining Material Data for Welding Simulation of Presshardened Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- flow stress ;
- elastic modulus E and Poisson ratio ;
- coefficient of thermal expansion ;
- specific electrical resistance ;
- mass density ;
- specific heat capacity /specific entropy ; and
- specific thermal conductivity .
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental
2.1.1. Test Procedure
2.1.2. Data Processing
2.2. Numerical Material Simulation
2.3. Resistance Spot Welding Simulation and Welding Experiments
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Flow Stress
3.2. Physical Properties
3.2.1. Elastic Modulus and Poisson Ratio
3.2.2. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
3.2.3. Specific Electric Resistance
3.2.4. Mass Density
3.2.5. Specific Heat Capacity
3.2.6. Specific Thermal Conductivity
3.3. Data Application in Resistance Spot Welding
3.4. Tabular Data
4. Conclusions
- Data on the flow stress of 22MnB5 was measured and converted to stress–strain data for test temperatures ranging from to .
- Flow stress data is provided by means of flow parameters for the tested temperatures according to the Hockett–Sherby model.
- Physical material property data of 22MnB5 as a function of temperature has been computed using material simulation software. The data was critically reviewed considering literature data.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quantity | ||
---|---|---|
1153 | 1213 | |
993 | 1068 |
293 | 1066 | 1488 | 87 | 0.885 |
673 | 680 | 844 | 8934 | 1.533 |
773 | 432 | 529 | 818 | 1.11 |
873 | 298 | 368 | 134.5 | 0.82 |
973 | 147 | 196 | 90.5 | 0.83 |
1073 | 97 | 248 | 1 | 0.52 |
1173 | 79.5 | 180 | 1 | 0.515 |
1273 | 39 | 100 | 2 | 0.605 |
1373 | 25 | 74.3 | 2.6 | 0.663 |
1473 | 17.5 | 43.5 | 3 | 0.615 |
273.15 | 211.804 | 0.290 | 293.15 | 1.256 | 273.15 | 0.214 |
505.05 | 198.693 | 0.298 | 460.98 | 1.307 | 458.96 | 0.340 |
744.51 | 179.279 | 0.307 | 595.73 | 1.348 | 651.12 | 0.506 |
935.80 | 151.383 | 0.315 | 762.56 | 1.398 | 840.70 | 0.742 |
1068.15 | 128.226 | 0.320 | 917.37 | 1.442 | 1027.97 | 1.020 |
1213.15 | 113.060 | 0.347 | 1068.15 | 1.485 | 1068.15 | 1.082 |
1426.11 | 91.707 | 0.360 | 1213.15 | 1.160 | 1132.22 | 1.122 |
1669.15 | 65.859 | 0.375 | 1322.89 | 1.280 | 1244.72 | 1.156 |
1831.15 | 1.470 | 0.450 | 1437.27 | 1.380 | 1402.63 | 1.201 |
3273.15 | 1.470 | 0.450 | 1567.51 | 1.469 | 1570.86 | 1.238 |
1669.15 | 1.525 | 1669.15 | 1.254 | |||
1831.15 | 2.416 | 1831.15 | 1.402 | |||
1966.85 | 2.504 | 3273.15 | 1.604 | |||
2192.90 | 2.646 | |||||
2426.40 | 2.777 | |||||
2708.93 | 2.919 | |||||
2989.43 | 3.036 | |||||
3273.15 | 3.133 |
273.15 | 7815 | 273.15 | 0 | 273.15 | 45.738 |
408.21 | 7775 | 433.92 | 591 | 343.92 | 46.153 |
589.77 | 7717 | 637.68 | 1441 | 425.87 | 45.807 |
798.48 | 7643 | 735.55 | 1911 | 534.21 | 44.244 |
946.10 | 7588 | 851.72 | 2529 | 662.40 | 41.172 |
1068.15 | 7541 | 951.01 | 3150 | 854.26 | 35.678 |
1213.15 | 7560 | 1019.39 | 3652 | 956.06 | 33.161 |
1372.11 | 7475 | 1103.25 | 4163 | 1051.18 | 31.402 |
1566.58 | 7373 | 1213.15 | 4795 | 1150.47 | 29.447 |
1669.15 | 7322 | 1470.95 | 5921 | 1211.79 | 28.152 |
1831.15 | 6947 | 1669.15 | 6838 | 1407.03 | 30.473 |
2092.03 | 6722 | 1831.15 | 9110 | 1608.95 | 32.917 |
2539.46 | 6320 | 2022.07 | 9952 | 1669.15 | 33.700 |
3273.72 | 5625 | 2336.66 | 11,239 | 1831.15 | 100.000 |
2701.79 | 12,521 | 3273.15 | 120.000 | ||
3001.71 | 13,405 | ||||
3273.15 | 14,090 |
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Kaars, J.; Mayr, P.; Koppe, K. Determining Material Data for Welding Simulation of Presshardened Steel. Metals 2018, 8, 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8100740
Kaars J, Mayr P, Koppe K. Determining Material Data for Welding Simulation of Presshardened Steel. Metals. 2018; 8(10):740. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8100740
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaars, Jonny, Peter Mayr, and Kurt Koppe. 2018. "Determining Material Data for Welding Simulation of Presshardened Steel" Metals 8, no. 10: 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8100740