Effects of Vacuum-Carburizing Conditions on Surface-Hardened Layer Properties of Transformation-Induced Plasticity-Aided Martensitic Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Surface-Hardened Layer Properties of Vacuum-Carburized Steels
3.2. Surface-Hardened Layer Properties of Vacuum-Carburized and Fine-Particle Peened Steels
4. Discussion
4.1. Maximum Hardness
4.2. Maximum Compressive Residual Stress
4.3. Estimation of Fatigue Limit
5. Summary
- (1)
- Vacuum-carburization resulted in a large amount of retained austenite and high Vickers hardness in the surface hardened layer of the steel with a low residual stress from 0 MPa to 60 MPa. The retained austenite fraction and the hardness increased with increasing carbon potential during vacuum-carburization, although the residual stress was independent of the carbon potential.
- (2)
- Subsequent FPP enhanced the compressive residual stress and the volume fraction of strain-induced martensite, especially in the surface hardened layer, with a further increase in hardness. These surface-hardened layer properties improved with increasing carbon potential.
- (3)
- The severe plastic deformation upon FPP treatment was the main contributor to hardness and compressive residual stress in the surface-hardened layer. The role of FPP in the strain-induced transformation on the hardness and the residual stress was relatively small, compared to that in the case of severe plastic deformation.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Steel | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Al | Nb | N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TM | 0.20 | 1.50 | 1.51 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.039 | 0.05 | 0.0009 |
SNCM420 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.009 | 0.013 | 0.55 | 0.15 | 1.68 | - | - | - |
Shot Material | Steel |
---|---|
Shot Vickers hardness | 900 |
Shot diameter (μm) | 50 |
Pressure mode | Air nozzle |
Arc height (mm (N)) | 0.21 |
Coverage (%) | 300 |
Steel | CP | Rz | fγ,max | Δfαm,max | HVmax,c | HVmax | σXα,max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TM | 0.20 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 473 | 525 | −863 |
0.70 | 5.1 | 12.7 | 8.2 | 733 | 921 | −1429 | |
0.75 | 5.0 | 14.3 | 9.5 | 740 | 920 | −1509 | |
0.80 | 5.2 | 16.1 | 11.9 | 740 | 928 | −1683 | |
SNCM420 | 0.20 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 469 | 504 | −792 |
0.75 | 5.0 | 12.0 | 8.6 | 694 | 824 | −1361 |
Steel | CP | Cγ | HVαm* | ΔHVt | ΔHVt/ΔHVmax | eM* | ΔσXα,t | ΔσXα,t/ΔσXα,max | σY,est | σY,est + abs(σXα,max) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TM | 0.20 | 0.80 | 880–920 | 12–13 | 0.23–0.25 | 0.0092 | −55 | 0.06 | 1630 | 2493 |
0.70 | 0.70 | 850–920 | 10–15 | 0.05–0.08 | 0.0088 | −148 | 0.10 | 2860 | 4289 | |
0.75 | 0.75 | 865–920 | 12–17 | 0.07–0.09 | 0.0090 | −175 | 0.12 | 2857 | 4366 | |
0.80 | 0.80 | 880–920 | 17–21 | 0.09–0.11 | 0.0092 | −224 | 0.13 | 2882 | 4565 | |
SNCM420 | 0.20 | - | - | - | - | 0.0067 | −12 | 0.02 | 1565 | 2357 |
0.75 | 0.75 | 865–920 | 15–19 | 0.12–0.15 | 0.0090 | −159 | 0.12 | 2559 | 3920 |
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Sugimoto, K.-i.; Hojo, T.; Mizuno, Y. Effects of Vacuum-Carburizing Conditions on Surface-Hardened Layer Properties of Transformation-Induced Plasticity-Aided Martensitic Steel. Metals 2017, 7, 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7080301
Sugimoto K-i, Hojo T, Mizuno Y. Effects of Vacuum-Carburizing Conditions on Surface-Hardened Layer Properties of Transformation-Induced Plasticity-Aided Martensitic Steel. Metals. 2017; 7(8):301. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7080301
Chicago/Turabian StyleSugimoto, Koh-ichi, Tomohiko Hojo, and Yuta Mizuno. 2017. "Effects of Vacuum-Carburizing Conditions on Surface-Hardened Layer Properties of Transformation-Induced Plasticity-Aided Martensitic Steel" Metals 7, no. 8: 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7080301