Influence of the Overlapping Factor and Welding Speed on T-Joint Welding of Ti6Al4V and Inconel 600 Using Low-Power Fiber Laser
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Setup
2.1. Materials and Sample Preparation
2.2. Laser Welding
2.3. Microstructural Characterization
2.4. Pull Test Measurement
2.5. Vickers Microhardness Measurement
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Metallurgical Characterization
3.2. Microstructural Observation and Elemental Composition Analysis of the Weld Bead
3.3. Characterization of Mechanical Properties
4. Conclusions
- Single-sided laser welding was successfully performed on thin sheets of Ti6Al4V and Inconel 600 in a T-joint configuration using low-power Ytterbium-fiber laser with the influence of laser welding speed and the overlapping factor.
- The highest breaking force and hardness were obtained when the welding speed was 40 mm/s and the overlapping factor was 50% at laser power of 250 W, proving a sound joint was obtained because sufficient heat input was produced.
- NiTi and NiTi2 intermetallic layers formed in the FZ and HAZ regions due to crystallographic mismatch between Ni and Ti as well as the differences in thermo-physical properties of the materials.
- The extent of skin-stringer penetration was related to the heat input, which was manipulated by varying the laser welding speed and overlapping factor.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
XRD | X-ray diffraction |
LBW | Laser beam welding |
BM | Base metal |
CW | Continuous wave |
FZ | Fusion zone |
HAZ | Heat-affected zone |
TIG | Tungsten inert gas |
MIG | Metal inert gas |
Ti | Titanium |
Ni | Nickel |
Yb | Ytterbium |
HNO3 | Nitric acid |
HF | Hydrofluoric acid |
OM | Optical microscope |
EDX | Energy dispersive X-ray |
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Element | Ti6Al4V | Inconel 600 |
---|---|---|
Ni | - | 72 min |
Cr | - | 14.0–17.0 |
Cu | - | 0.5 max |
S | - | 0.015 max |
Si | - | 0.5 max |
C | 0–0.08 | 0.05–0.10 |
Fe | 0–0.4 | 6.0–10.0 |
Ti | Balance | - |
Al | 5.5–6.75 | - |
V | 3.5–4.5 | - |
Sample | Power (W) P | Welding Speed (mm/s) v | Overlapping Factor (%) η |
---|---|---|---|
L1 | 250 | 40 | 30 |
L2 | 250 | 40 | 40 |
L3 | 250 | 40 | 50 |
L4 | 250 | 50 | 50 |
Point | Ni (at. %) | Ti (at. %) | V (at %) | Al (at. %) | Cr (at. %) | Fe (at. %) | Total (%) | Phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 39.5 | 40.5 | 3.4 | 5.4 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 100.0 | NiTi |
B | 28.4 | 56.4 | 3.3 | 5.3 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 100.0 | NiTi2 |
C | 42.1 | 38.9 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 8.3 | 3.5 | 100.0 | NiTi |
D | 40.5 | 40.9 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 8.1 | 3.1 | 100.0 | NiTi |
E | 39.4 | 40.6 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 7.6 | 4.7 | 100.0 | NiTi |
F | 29.1 | 55.4 | 3.5 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 100.0 | NiTi2 |
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Janasekaran, S.; Tan, A.W.; Yusof, F.; Abdul Shukor, M.H. Influence of the Overlapping Factor and Welding Speed on T-Joint Welding of Ti6Al4V and Inconel 600 Using Low-Power Fiber Laser. Metals 2016, 6, 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6060134
Janasekaran S, Tan AW, Yusof F, Abdul Shukor MH. Influence of the Overlapping Factor and Welding Speed on T-Joint Welding of Ti6Al4V and Inconel 600 Using Low-Power Fiber Laser. Metals. 2016; 6(6):134. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6060134
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanasekaran, Shamini, Ai Wen Tan, Farazila Yusof, and Mohd Hamdi Abdul Shukor. 2016. "Influence of the Overlapping Factor and Welding Speed on T-Joint Welding of Ti6Al4V and Inconel 600 Using Low-Power Fiber Laser" Metals 6, no. 6: 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6060134