Next Article in Journal
Effect of Axial Stress on Torsional Behavior for Extruded AZ31 Mg Alloys Under Multiaxial Loading
Previous Article in Journal
Effects of Chemical Composition on Welding HAZ Softening of High-Strength Pipeline Steels
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Metals
Volume 15
Issue 12
10.3390/met15121315
metals-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Metallic Mechanical Metamaterials Produced by LPBF for Energy Absorption Systems

by
Gabriele Grima
1,*,
Kamal Sleem
1,
Gianni Virgili
1,
Alberto Santoni
1,
Maria Laura Gatto
2,
Stefano Spigarelli
1,
Marcello Cabibbo
1 and
Eleonora Santecchia
1,*
1
Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences (DIISM), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate (DiSTA), Università degli Studi eCampus, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Metals 2025, 15(12), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121315 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 October 2025 / Revised: 21 November 2025 / Accepted: 25 November 2025 / Published: 28 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing of Metals)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Metallic mechanical metamaterials have attracted the attention of many industrial sectors due to their unique properties which enable them to outperform natural materials in unconventional ways. Metal metamaterials encompass multiple fields, including materials science, mechanics, and industrial technology, and they have become particularly popular following the implementation of reliable, high-resolution, efficient metal additive manufacturing processes. This review takes a joint approach, providing an in-depth analysis of the base materials and geometries that characterize metamaterials in order to understand their behavior in response to impacts at different load regimes and to offer readers a critical overview of the most suitable design choices for energy absorption systems. Furthermore, this review highlights advanced metamaterial optimization methods that are useful for increasing the mechanical energy absorbed avoiding peak impulse transfer to the people, instrumentation, or generic loads that mechanical metamaterials are designed to protect.
Keywords: metals and alloys; metamaterials; energy absorption; lightweight; microstructure; additive manufacturing; optimization metals and alloys; metamaterials; energy absorption; lightweight; microstructure; additive manufacturing; optimization

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Grima, G.; Sleem, K.; Virgili, G.; Santoni, A.; Gatto, M.L.; Spigarelli, S.; Cabibbo, M.; Santecchia, E. Metallic Mechanical Metamaterials Produced by LPBF for Energy Absorption Systems. Metals 2025, 15, 1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121315

AMA Style

Grima G, Sleem K, Virgili G, Santoni A, Gatto ML, Spigarelli S, Cabibbo M, Santecchia E. Metallic Mechanical Metamaterials Produced by LPBF for Energy Absorption Systems. Metals. 2025; 15(12):1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121315

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grima, Gabriele, Kamal Sleem, Gianni Virgili, Alberto Santoni, Maria Laura Gatto, Stefano Spigarelli, Marcello Cabibbo, and Eleonora Santecchia. 2025. "Metallic Mechanical Metamaterials Produced by LPBF for Energy Absorption Systems" Metals 15, no. 12: 1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121315

APA Style

Grima, G., Sleem, K., Virgili, G., Santoni, A., Gatto, M. L., Spigarelli, S., Cabibbo, M., & Santecchia, E. (2025). Metallic Mechanical Metamaterials Produced by LPBF for Energy Absorption Systems. Metals, 15(12), 1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121315

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.
Back to TopTop