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Volume 15
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10.3390/met15101141
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Article

Tensile Performance Sensitivity to Variations of Standard 17-4 PH Heat Treatments on LPBF-Produced Material

by
Ben Brown
1,†,
Cory Read
2,†,
Joseph Newkirk
3 and
Frank Liou
4,*
1
Materials Engineering, Department of Energy’s Kansas City National Security Campus, Kansas City, MO 64147, USA
2
Analytical Sciences, Department of Energy’s Kansas City National Security Campus, Kansas City, MO 64147, USA
3
Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA
4
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65401, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
The Department of Energy’s Kansas City National Security Campus is operated and managed by Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, LLC under contract number DE-NA0002839.
Metals 2025, 15(10), 1141; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15101141
Submission received: 13 September 2025 / Revised: 5 October 2025 / Accepted: 10 October 2025 / Published: 14 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Processing of Metals and Alloys)
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Abstract

Standard heat treatments for metals of a particular composition are typically designed with the assumption of a conventional starting microstructure, such as that produced by casting or wrought processing. When applied to metals fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) metal additive manufacturing (AM), these heat treatments can produce inconsistent performance due to the unique as-built microstructures. This study investigates how modifications to standard heat treatments for 17-4 PH steel influence the microstructure and mechanical properties of LPBF-fabricated material. Specimens were produced and subjected to varying solutionizing and homogenizing treatments followed by standard aging treatments. Microstructures were characterized using optical microscopy, Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical properties were evaluated through uniaxial tensile testing. Based on these results, recommendations are provided for achieving improved wrought-like performance in LPBF 17-4 PH steel.
Keywords: additive manufacturing; laser powder bed fusion; 17-4 PH; heat treatment additive manufacturing; laser powder bed fusion; 17-4 PH; heat treatment
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MDPI and ACS Style

Brown, B.; Read, C.; Newkirk, J.; Liou, F. Tensile Performance Sensitivity to Variations of Standard 17-4 PH Heat Treatments on LPBF-Produced Material. Metals 2025, 15, 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15101141

AMA Style

Brown B, Read C, Newkirk J, Liou F. Tensile Performance Sensitivity to Variations of Standard 17-4 PH Heat Treatments on LPBF-Produced Material. Metals. 2025; 15(10):1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15101141

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brown, Ben, Cory Read, Joseph Newkirk, and Frank Liou. 2025. "Tensile Performance Sensitivity to Variations of Standard 17-4 PH Heat Treatments on LPBF-Produced Material" Metals 15, no. 10: 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15101141

APA Style

Brown, B., Read, C., Newkirk, J., & Liou, F. (2025). Tensile Performance Sensitivity to Variations of Standard 17-4 PH Heat Treatments on LPBF-Produced Material. Metals, 15(10), 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15101141

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