Towards Using MMO Anodes in Zinc Electrorefining: Mn Removal by Simulated Plant Off-Gas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Methods
2.3. Analysis and Characterization
3. Theory (Reaction Mechanisms)
3.1. Initiation
3.2. Manganese-Sulfite Complex Formation
3.3. Peroxymonosulfate Radical Generation
3.4. Regeneration of Mn3+ as a Catalyst
3.5. Manganese Dioxide Precipitation
4. Results
4.1. Manganese Removal without pH Adjustment
4.2. Manganese Removal with pH Adjustment
4.3. Effect of Time
4.4. Effect of Cobalt on Manganese Removal
4.4.1. Cobalt as Catalyst
4.4.2. Cobalt Removal
4.4.3. Effect of Cobalt Concentration on Manganese Removal
4.5. Characterization of the Precipitates
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Green Frame | Brown Frame | Yellow Frame | Orange Frame | Blue Frame | Purple Frame |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mn | 62.7 | 28.3 | 21.8 | 0.7 | 25.4 | 4.1 |
Zn | 7.8 | 25.7 | 22.9 | 3.2 | 27.7 | 9.1 |
O | 26.6 | 32.8 | 42.7 | 62.8 | 39.1 | 51.6 |
Ca | – | – | 3.4 | 17.7 | 0.7 | 16.3 |
Co | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – |
S | 2.9 | 13.2 | 9.2 | 15.6 | 7 | 18.9 |
Element | Without Co Addition (%) | With 10 mg L−1 Co Addition (%) |
---|---|---|
O1s | 54.7 | 53.1 |
C1s | 17.1 | 19.7 |
Ca 2p | 8.2 | 6.3 |
Zn 2p | 7.4 | 8.4 |
S 2p | 6.4 | 5.6 |
Co 2p | – | 0.1 |
Mn 2p | 6.2 | 6.8 |
Element | keV | Line | Concentration of Precipitates without Cobalt Addition (%) | Concentration of Precipitates with 10 mg L−1 Co Addition (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mn | 5.8 | 6.2 | 6.79 | |
Zn | 8.6 | 7.1 | 9 | |
Co | 6.9 | 0 | 0.3 | |
Ca | 3.6 | 26.14 | 20.87 | |
S | 2.3 | 16.66 | 14.7 |
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Askarian, M.; Mousavi, F.; Mollaabbasi, R.; Benguerel, E.; Brown, C.; Houlachi, G.; Alamdari, H. Towards Using MMO Anodes in Zinc Electrorefining: Mn Removal by Simulated Plant Off-Gas. Metals 2023, 13, 1675. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101675
Askarian M, Mousavi F, Mollaabbasi R, Benguerel E, Brown C, Houlachi G, Alamdari H. Towards Using MMO Anodes in Zinc Electrorefining: Mn Removal by Simulated Plant Off-Gas. Metals. 2023; 13(10):1675. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101675
Chicago/Turabian StyleAskarian, Masoomeh, Fariba Mousavi, Roozbeh Mollaabbasi, Elyse Benguerel, Carl Brown, Georges Houlachi, and Houshang Alamdari. 2023. "Towards Using MMO Anodes in Zinc Electrorefining: Mn Removal by Simulated Plant Off-Gas" Metals 13, no. 10: 1675. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101675