Microstructure and Microhardness Evolution of Additively Manufactured Cellular Inconel 718 after Heat Treatment with Different Aging Times
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure Evolution
3.2. Microhardness Evolution
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | EOS Report | Atomic Absorption | WDS |
---|---|---|---|
Carbon | 0.08 % Max | 0.04% | -- |
Sulfur | 0.015% Max | 0.002% | -- |
Chromium | 17.0–21.0% | 18.30% | 17.18% |
Molybdenum | 2.8–3.3% | 2.60% | 2.60% |
Titanium | 0.65–1.15% | 0.89% | 1.07% |
Aluminum | 0.20–0.80% | 0.36% | 0.75% |
Cobalt | 1.0% Max | 0.04% | -- |
Copper | 0.3% Max | 0.01% | -- |
Silicon | 0.35% Max | <0.000 | -- |
Manganese | 0.35% Max | 0.02% | -- |
Nickel | 50–55% | 51% | 52.41% |
Niobium | 4.75–5.5% | -- | 6.81% |
Iron | Remainder | 18% | 19.17% |
Heat Treatment | Solution Treatment | First Aging | Second Aging |
---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1050 °C/1 h | 720 °C/6 h | 620 °C/8 h |
T2 | 1050 °C/1 h | 720 °C/8 h | 620 °C/8 h |
T3 | 1050 °C/1 h | 720 °C/10 h | 620 °C/8 h |
Sample | Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 | Test 4 | Test 5 | Test 6 | Test 7 | Test 8 | Avg. | SD 1 | Variance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | 353.5 | 318.2 | 368.2 | 368.2 | 368.2 | 368.2 | 368.2 | 368.2 | 368.2 | 368.2 | 368.2 |
6 h | 542.1 | 522.7 | 366.1 | 366.1 | 366.1 | 366.1 | 366.1 | 366.1 | 366.1 | 366.1 | 366.1 |
8 h | 518.6 | 551.9 | 368.3 | 368.3 | 368.3 | 368.3 | 368.3 | 368.3 | 368.3 | 368.3 | 368.3 |
10 h | 520.5 | 510.5 | 347.5 | 347.5 | 347.5 | 347.5 | 347.5 | 347.5 | 347.5 | 347.5 | 347.5 |
Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F | p-Value | F Crit. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Between Groups | 178,398.57 | 3 | 59,466.19 | 197.26 | 0.00 | 2.95 |
Within Groups | 8440.97 | 28 | 301.4630 | |||
Total | 186,839.54 | 31 |
0 h | 6 h | 8 h | 10 h | |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 h | 170.1 | 183.9 | 159.9 | |
6 h | 13.9 | 10.2 | ||
8 h | 24.1 | |||
10 h |
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Salgado-Lopez, J.M.; Martinez-Franco, E.; Cruz-Gonzalez, C.; Corona-Castuera, J.; Villada-Villalobos, J.A. Microstructure and Microhardness Evolution of Additively Manufactured Cellular Inconel 718 after Heat Treatment with Different Aging Times. Metals 2022, 12, 2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122141
Salgado-Lopez JM, Martinez-Franco E, Cruz-Gonzalez C, Corona-Castuera J, Villada-Villalobos JA. Microstructure and Microhardness Evolution of Additively Manufactured Cellular Inconel 718 after Heat Treatment with Different Aging Times. Metals. 2022; 12(12):2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122141
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalgado-Lopez, Juan Manuel, Enrique Martinez-Franco, Celso Cruz-Gonzalez, Jorge Corona-Castuera, and Jhon Alexander Villada-Villalobos. 2022. "Microstructure and Microhardness Evolution of Additively Manufactured Cellular Inconel 718 after Heat Treatment with Different Aging Times" Metals 12, no. 12: 2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122141