Progress on Electrodeposition of Metals and Alloys Using Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Electrodeposition of Common Metals
2.1. Aluminum
2.2. Iron
2.3. Nickel
2.4. Cobalt
2.5. Copper
2.6. Zinc
3. Electrodeposition of Light Metals (Li, Na, and Mg)
4. Electrodeposition of Noble Metals
4.1. Silver
4.2. Gold
4.3. Platinum
4.4. Palladium
4.5. Rhodium, Ruthenium, and Iridium
5. Electrodeposition of Rare Earth Metals
5.1. Light Rare Earth Metals
5.2. Medium and Heavy Rare Earth Metals
6. Electrodeposition with Other Metals
7. Patents and Future Perspectives
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nomenclature | Abbreviation | Metal or Alloy | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
(1-methyl-3-(2-oxo-2-((2,4,5 trifluorophenyl)amino)ethyle)-1H-imidazol-3-ium iodide) | [MOFIM]I | Ni–Co | [19,20] |
1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(4-phenoxybutyl)imidazole-3-ium bromide | [FPIM]Br | Co | [19,21] |
Ni | |||
Ni–Co | [20] | ||
1,3-dibutylpyrazolium bromide | DBPz–Br | Ag | [22] |
1,3-dibutylmorpholinium bromide | DBMp–Br | Ag | [22] |
1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone–AlCl3 | DMI−AlCl3 | Al–Mg | [23] |
1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone–LiNO3 | DMI–LiNO3 | La | [24] |
Nd | [25,26] | ||
1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolinone–ZnCl2 | DMI−ZnCl2 | Zn | [27] |
Nd | [26] | ||
1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide | EMIBr | Au | [28] |
Ag | [29] | ||
1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide | AMIBr | Zn | [30] |
Pt | [31] | ||
1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(tri-fluoromethylsulfonyl) imide | [Bmim]TFSA or [BMPTFSA] or BMPyrrFSI | Cu | [32] |
Co | [33] | ||
Zn | [34] | ||
Al–Co | [35] | ||
Al–Cu | [35] | ||
Pr | [36] | ||
Bi | [36] | ||
Ti | [37] | ||
Ta | [38] | ||
1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide | [BMP][DCA] | Sm | [39] |
Ga | [40] | ||
Au | [41] | ||
Eu | [42] | ||
Cr | [43] | ||
Ag | [41,44,45] | ||
1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium triflate | BMPyOTf | Dy | [46] |
1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethylsulfonate | [BMIM][OTf] or [Py1,4]TfO | Fe–Cu | [41] |
Fe–Al | [47] | ||
1-butyl-3-(1-methylimidazolium-3-hexyl) imidazolium bromide | Ag | [29] | |
1-butyl-3-benzimidazolium bromate | [HBBIm]Br | Pd | [48] |
Pt | [48] | ||
1-butyl-3-butyillimidazolium bromide | DBIz–Br | Ag | [22,29] |
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium–hydrogen sulfate | [BMIM]HSO4 | Ni–Fe | [49] |
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate | [Bmim][Ac] | Cd–Te | [50] |
1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide | [BMP][DCA] | Ag | [41,44] |
Eu | [42] | ||
Sm | [39] | ||
Cr | [43] | ||
Ga–Sb | [40] | ||
1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium triflate | BMPyNTf | Dy | [46,51] |
1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide | [BMIm][DCA] | Ag | [41] |
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(triflyl)imide | [BMIM][TFI] or C4mimTFSA | Ni–Fe | [52] |
Cu | [32] | ||
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide | [Bmim][Br] | Ag | [29,53] |
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride | [Bmim][Cl] or [BMIC] or [C4mimCl] | Al | [54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61] |
Al–Ti | [62] | ||
Ti–Al | [63] | ||
Ag–Pd | [64] | ||
Cu–Sn | [65,66] | ||
Cu–Ag | [67] | ||
Pd | [68] | ||
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate | [Bmim]PF6 | Ru | [69] |
Ir | [70,71] | ||
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate | [BMIm][BF4] | Co | [72] |
Ir | [73] | ||
Ce | [74] | ||
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate | [Bmim][TfO] | Zn | [75] |
Sn | |||
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide | [BMIm][DCA] | Ag | [41] |
Au | [41] | ||
Cu–Sn | [76] | ||
1-butylimidazolium bromide | [HBIm][B] | Ag | [53] |
1-decyl-3-(1-methylimidazolium-3-hexyl) imidazolium bromide | Ag | [29] | |
1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride | [C12mim][Cl] | Ni–Fe–Mo | [77] |
Ni–Fe–W | |||
1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide | [EMIM] [Br] | Ni–Mo | [78,79] |
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride | [EMIM][Cl] or [EMIC] or [C2mimCl] | Zn | [80] |
Nd–Fe | [81] | ||
Al | [11,54,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90] | ||
Al–Li | [91] | ||
Al–Ga | [92] | ||
Al–Mn–Zr | [93] | ||
Al–Ti | [94] | ||
Al–W | [95,96,97] | ||
Al–Mn | [98] | ||
Co–Zn | [99] | ||
Cu | [100] | ||
Cu–Sn | [101] | ||
Ga | [102] | ||
Pd | [103,104] | ||
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-ethylene glycol | EMIC–EG | Ni–La | [105] |
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride–urea | EMIC–UA | Cu | [100] |
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide | [EMIM][DCA] | Cu–Sn | [76] |
Nd | [81,106] | ||
Fe | [81,106] | ||
Nd–Fe | [81] | ||
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate | [Emim]TA | Pd | [107] |
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate | [EMIm][TfO] | Cu–Zn | [108] |
Cu | [109] | ||
Ag | [109] | ||
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide | [C4mim][NTf2] | Ga | [102] |
Pd | [110] | ||
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide | [C2C1im][FSA] | Na | [111] |
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium fluoride | [EMIM]F | Cu | [112] |
1-heptyl-3-(1-methylimidazolium-3-hexyl) imidazolium bromide | Ag | [29] | |
1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide | [HMI][Br] | Ag | [29] |
1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride | [HMI][Cl] | Al | [54] |
1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide | [EMIm][TFSA] | Cu | [113] |
Cu–Sn | [114] | ||
Zn | [34,115,116] | ||
1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate | [HMIM][HSO4] | Ag | [117] |
1-Methylpiperidinium trifluoromethane sulphonate | [HmPip][OTf] or [MIMTfO] | Cu | [118] |
Zn | [119] | ||
1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide | Ag | [29] | |
1-propyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide | [C3mpyr][TFSA] | Co | [120] |
1-tetradecyl-2-aminoethyl imidazolium bromide | [C14PImNH2]Br | Pt | [121] |
2,2-diheptyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium bromide | Pt | [122] | |
3- butyl-1- ethylimidazolium | Al | [61,123] | |
Aluminium chloride–4-ethylpyridine | AlCl3–4-EP | Al | [124] |
Aluminium chloride–triethylamine hydrochloride | AlCl3–TMHC | Al–Zr–Cu | [125] |
Co–Al | [126] | ||
Betainium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide | [Hbet][Tf2N] or [Hbet][TFSA] | Cu | [127] |
Cu–Pb | [127,128] | ||
Zn | [129] | ||
Pb | [129,130] | ||
Pd | [131] | ||
Butylpyridinium dicyanamide | Pyri4–DCA | Ag | [45] |
Choline chloride–ethylene glycol | ChCl–EG | Fe–Cr | [132] |
Ni–Fe | [133] | ||
Ni–Sn | [134] | ||
Ni | [12,18,135,136] | ||
Ni–Sn–P | [137] | ||
Co | [138,139] | ||
Ni–Co | [15] | ||
Cu | [118,136,140] | ||
Sn | [136] | ||
Zn | [17,141,142,143] | ||
Au | [144] | ||
Ag | [136,144] | ||
Mn | [14] | ||
Choline chloride–Urea | ChCl–UA | Ni | [12,18,145] |
Co | [139] | ||
Ni–Co | [13] | ||
Zn | [17] | ||
Mn | [14] | ||
Pr–Mg–Co | [146] | ||
Pr–Mg–Ni | [147] | ||
Sn–Co–Ni | [148] | ||
Sn–Co–Zn | |||
Choline chloride–malonic acid | ChCl–MA | Co | [139] |
Co–Cr | [149] | ||
Choline chloride–oxalic acid | ChCl–OC | Co | [139] |
Dibutylpyrrolidinium bromide | DBP1–Br | Ag | [22] |
Ethylene carbonate–Aluminum chloride | EC–AlCl3 | Al–Li | [150] |
Li | [150] | ||
Lithium–bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide | Li–TFSI | Li | [151,152,153] |
Lithium–bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide | Li–FSI | Li | [153] |
Perfluoro-3-oxa-4,5 dichloro-pentan-sulphonate | Al | [154] | |
poly(1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium) | PAMI | Pt | [31] |
Tetramethyl guanidinium-perfluoro-3-oxa-4,5 dichloro-pentan-sulphonate | [C5H14N3+][CF2ClCFClOCF2CF2SO3−] | Al | [154,155] |
Tributylhexylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide | [P4446][NTf2] | Li | [156] |
Triethylammonium acetate | [TEAA] | Ag–Cu | [157] |
Triethyl-n-pentyl phosphonium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)amide | [P2225][TFSA] | Ru | [158] |
Triethyl-n-hexyl phosphonium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)amide | [P2226][TFSA] | Pt | [159] |
Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate | (Cyphos IL 104®) | Rh | [160] |
Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide | [P6,6,6,14][TFSI] | Nd | [161] |
Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride | (Cyphos IL 101) | Ir | [162] |
N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bistriflimide | BMPTFSI | La | [163] |
Sm | |||
Nd | |||
Dy | |||
N-butyl-N-methyl pyrrolidinium dicyanamide | BMP–DCA or [C4mpyr][DCA] | Ni–La | [164] |
Nd | [165] | ||
N-methyl-N-butyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide | [C4mpyr][Tf2N] | Li | [166] |
N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide | [MPPip][TFSI] | Zn | [167] |
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Costa, J.G.d.R.d.; Costa, J.M.; Almeida Neto, A.F.d. Progress on Electrodeposition of Metals and Alloys Using Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes. Metals 2022, 12, 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122095
Costa JGdRd, Costa JM, Almeida Neto AFd. Progress on Electrodeposition of Metals and Alloys Using Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes. Metals. 2022; 12(12):2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122095
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosta, Javan Grisente dos Reis da, Josiel Martins Costa, and Ambrósio Florêncio de Almeida Neto. 2022. "Progress on Electrodeposition of Metals and Alloys Using Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes" Metals 12, no. 12: 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122095