Morphology of Inclusions and Its Refinement Mechanism in the New P91 Heat-Resistant Pipeline Steel

Chen, Xiaohua; Liang, Shenghui; Wang, Yanlin; Wang, Zidong; Fan, Weijie; Yu, Xinning; Yang, Jian

doi:10.3390/met12101556

Open AccessArticle

Morphology of Inclusions and Its Refinement Mechanism in the New P91 Heat-Resistant Pipeline Steel

by

Xiaohua Chen

^1,*,

Shenghui Liang

²,

Yanlin Wang

²,

Zidong Wang

^1,2,*,

Weijie Fan

¹,

Xinning Yu

¹ and

Jian Yang

²

¹

State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

²

School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Metals 2022, 12(10), 1556; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101556

Submission received: 18 August 2022 / Revised: 9 September 2022 / Accepted: 14 September 2022 / Published: 20 September 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Metals)

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Abstract

A new type of P91 heat-resistant pipeline steel ingot was prepared by feeding Al twisted wire into a steel melt through a multi-point regional micro-supply method, combined with electromagnetic stirring. The type, shape, and size of inclusions in the new P91 steel after forging were then analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that four types of inclusions were detected in the P91 steel, including: spherical independent Al₂O₃ inclusions, irregular Al₂O₃-SiO₂ composite inclusions, nearly spherical MgO-Al₂O₃ composite inclusions, and spherical (Ca, Mg, Al) (O) composite inclusions. Compared with traditional P91 steel, the inclusions in the new P91 steel were significantly refined. Refining mechanisms of inclusion showed that Al₂O₃ oxide particles distributed dispersedly with fine sizes could be obtained through a multi-point regional micro-supply method. Further, Al₂O₃ particles act as the nucleation core to form a “core-shell” structure and play the role of a heterogeneous nucleation to refine SiO₂, MgO, (Ca, Mg) (O), and other inclusions in the steel.

Keywords: P91 steel; regional micro-supply; inclusion refinement; heterogeneous nucleation; microstructure

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, X.; Liang, S.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Fan, W.; Yu, X.; Yang, J. Morphology of Inclusions and Its Refinement Mechanism in the New P91 Heat-Resistant Pipeline Steel. Metals 2022, 12, 1556. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101556

AMA Style

Chen X, Liang S, Wang Y, Wang Z, Fan W, Yu X, Yang J. Morphology of Inclusions and Its Refinement Mechanism in the New P91 Heat-Resistant Pipeline Steel. Metals. 2022; 12(10):1556. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101556

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Xiaohua, Shenghui Liang, Yanlin Wang, Zidong Wang, Weijie Fan, Xinning Yu, and Jian Yang. 2022. "Morphology of Inclusions and Its Refinement Mechanism in the New P91 Heat-Resistant Pipeline Steel" Metals 12, no. 10: 1556. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101556

APA Style

Chen, X., Liang, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Fan, W., Yu, X., & Yang, J. (2022). Morphology of Inclusions and Its Refinement Mechanism in the New P91 Heat-Resistant Pipeline Steel. Metals, 12(10), 1556. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101556

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Morphology of Inclusions and Its Refinement Mechanism in the New P91 Heat-Resistant Pipeline Steel

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