Causes of Structural Heterogeneity in High-Strength OCTG Tubes and Minimizing Their Impact on Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Mechanical Properties and Analysis of Samples after SSC Tests
3.2. Metallographic Analysis of Samples of All Metallurgical Manufacture Stages
3.2.1. Metallographic Analysis of CCB
3.2.2. Metallographic Analysis of Hot-Rolled Samples (HRPB)
3.2.3. Metallographic Analysis of Casing Tube (CT) Samples
3.3. Evolution of Segregations
4. Conclusions
- It is shown that the main reason for the unsatisfactory resistance of CT samples to SSC is the presence of segregation bands and niobium carbonitrides, from which corrosion cracking begins.
- Sample of CT corresponds to strength group C110 (API 5CT) in terms of mechanical properties (including macrohardness). However, it has structural heterogeneity and high values of microhardness in segregations. Thus, local deviations from the requirements for hardness values (up to 36 HRC in segregations) are observed, which leads to a decrease in corrosion properties and a manifestation of the material’s tendency to SSC.
- Coarse segregations were found in the center of the CCB, in which the content of all alloying elements were increased, and also coarse niobium nitrides and manganese sulfides were found. The formation of these segregations is due to the chemical composition of the steel and is also aggravated by the specifics of manufacturing. In the structure of HRPB and CT, segregation bands were found near the inner wall of the tube. In segregations, there is an increased hardness in comparison with the base metal, an increased content of chromium, molybdenum, vanadium and niobium. In addition to dispersed molybdenum and chromium carbides formed during rolling and heat treatment, coarse carbonitrides of niobium, titanium and vanadium were found in the strips, which were formed in the solidifying metal due to liquation processes.
- To increase the resistance of steel 0.3C-Cr-Mn-Mo + 0.15(V + Nb + Ti) to SCC, primary recommendations for adjusting the chemical composition, production technology and heat treatment have been developed.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | YS, MPa | TS, MPa | Elongation, % | YS/TS | Hardness, HRC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 795 | 878 | 18.7 | 0.90 | 26.0 |
2 | 785 | 875 | 19.1 | 0.89 | 26.5 |
3 | 800 | 880 | 20.1 | 0.90 | 26.0 |
API 5CT (C110) | 758–828 | >793 | – | – | <30.0 |
Element | Dark Band | Bright Band |
---|---|---|
Spectrum 1 | Spectrum 2 | |
Si | 0.42 | 0.32 |
Cr | 1.29 | 0.96 |
Mn | 0.88 | 0.93 |
Fe | 95.99 | 97.07 |
Mo | 1.42 | 0.71 |
Element | Si | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Cu | Nb | Mo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spectrum 1 | 0.61 | – | 0.30 | 1.42 | 1.03 | 93.13 | 0.30 | – | 3.22 |
Spectrum 2 | 0.39 | – | – | 0.69 | 0.66 | 97.30 | 0.32 | – | 0.63 |
Spectrum 3 | – | 2.34 | 2.10 | – | – | – | – | 95.66 | – |
Element | Si | Cr | Mn | Fe | Cu | Nb | Mo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spectrum 1 | 0.40 | 0.84 | 0.73 | 96.48 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 1.11 |
Spectrum 2 | 0.29 | 0.68 | 0.50 | 97.88 | – | – | 0.65 |
Zone | Segregation Band | Base Metal | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spectrum, № | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Si | 15.33 | 15.41 | 17.10 | 15.51 | 13.31 | 23.47 | 14.75 |
Cr | 30.67 | 29.84 | 28.71 | 26.27 | 25.10 | 28.64 | 28.11 |
Mn | 23.00 | 22.30 | 23.23 | 25.00 | 20.53 | 22.54 | 23.96 |
Cu | – | – | – | – | 22.06 | – | 9.22 |
Nb | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Mo | 31.00 | 32.46 | 30.97 | 33.23 | 19.01 | 25.35 | 23.96 |
Element | Si | Cr | Mn | Fe | Cu | Nb | Mo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spectrum 1 | 0.47 | 0.94 | 0.78 | 96.39 | 0.33 | – | 1.08 |
Spectrum 2 | 0.31 | 0.72 | 0.63 | 97.53 | 0.24 | – | 0.58 |
Zone | Segregation Band | Base Metal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spectrum, № | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Si | 16.12 | 12.29 | 21.04 | 16.04 | 16.31 | 16.80 | 20.58 | 17.01 |
Cr | 24.86 | 22.17 | 30.49 | 22.99 | 29.79 | 30.40 | 26.23 | 26.53 |
Mn | 21.58 | 20.24 | 25.61 | 20.59 | 22.34 | 22.00 | 24.61 | 21.77 |
Cu | 7.38 | 6.27 | – | 11.76 | 7.45 | 8.80 | 10.09 | 9.18 |
Mo | 30.05 | 39.04 | 22.87 | 28.61 | 24.11 | 22.00 | 18.16 | 25.51 |
Element | Si | V | Cr | Mn | Cu | Nb | Mo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thermodynamic modeling (T = 1375 °C) | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.00 | 1.80 | – | 2.5 | 4.60 |
Segregations in CCB | 0.61 | 0.3 | 1.42 | 1.03 | 0.30 | – | 3.22 |
Base metal in CCB | 0.39 | – | 0.69 | 0.66 | 0.32 | – | 0.63 |
Segregations in HRPB | 0.40 | – | 0.84 | 0.73 | 0.2 | 0.24 | 1.11 |
Base metal in HRPB | 0.29 | – | 0.68 | 0.5 | – | – | 0.65 |
Segregations CT | 0.47 | – | 0.94 | 0.78 | 0.33 | – | 1.08 |
Base metal in CT | 0.31 | – | 0.72 | 0.63 | 0.24 | – | 0.58 |
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Davydov, A.; Zhitenev, A.; Alhimenko, A.; Devyaterikova, N.; Laev, K. Causes of Structural Heterogeneity in High-Strength OCTG Tubes and Minimizing Their Impact on Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance. Metals 2021, 11, 1843. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111843
Davydov A, Zhitenev A, Alhimenko A, Devyaterikova N, Laev K. Causes of Structural Heterogeneity in High-Strength OCTG Tubes and Minimizing Their Impact on Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance. Metals. 2021; 11(11):1843. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111843
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavydov, Artem, Andrey Zhitenev, Alexey Alhimenko, Natalya Devyaterikova, and Konstantin Laev. 2021. "Causes of Structural Heterogeneity in High-Strength OCTG Tubes and Minimizing Their Impact on Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance" Metals 11, no. 11: 1843. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111843