Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash: Availability of Recoverable Sulfur Prills and Form Transformation of Heavy Metals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash
2.2. Preparation of the Recyclable Sulfur Prills
2.3. Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria
2.4. Bioleaching Experiments
2.5. Analytical Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. pH and Sulfate Variations in Bioleaching with Different Sulfur Forms
3.2. Heavy Metals Solubilization in Bioleaching
3.3. Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals during Bioleaching
3.4. Availability of Recovered Sulfur Prills in Bioleaching
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Sulfur | Oxidation Ratio of S (%) | Recovery Rate of S (%) | Residual Rate of S (%) | Residue of S (g S/g fly ash) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sulfur prill-3 | Batch I | 28.3 ± 2.5 | 93.6 | 6.4 | 0.01 |
Batch II | 28.5 ± 3.7 | 78.9 | 21.1 | 0.04 | |
Batch III | 27.9 ± 3.5 | 61.6 | 38.4 | 0.07 | |
Sulfur prill-6 | 27.7 ± 2.7 | 54.1 | 45.9 | 0.08 | |
Sulfur powder | 27.6 ± 1.2 | 0 | 100 | 0.181 |
Heavy Metals | Raw Fly Ash | Bioleached Fly Ash | Threshold Limit 1 | Threshold Limit 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zn | 68.4 ± 2.41 | 0.27 ± 0.09 | 100 | 75 |
Cu | 3.17 ± 0.65 | 0.92 ± 0.14 | 40 | 75 |
Pb | 0.79 ± 0.23 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.25 | 5 |
Cr | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 4.5 | 12 |
Cd | 0.53 ± 0.15 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.5 |
Batches | Removal Rate (%) | Extractable Concentration (mg/L) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zn | Cu | Pb | Cr | Cd | Pb | Cd | |
Batch I | 73.7 ± 1.99 | 43.0 ± 6.73 | 12.5 ± 2.84 | 24.1 ± 2.87 | 81.9 ± 4.84 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
Batch II | 74.6 ± 3.49 | 41.0 ± 4.82 | 12.7 ± 0.94 | 22.0 ± 3.31 | 80.0 ± 8.17 | 0.11 ± 0.04 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
Batch III | 72.0 ± 5.13 | 42.3 ± 1.42 | 11.1 ± 1.71 | 23.1 ± 0.98 | 79.1 ± 5.73 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.02 |
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Zhang, R.; Wei, X.; Hao, Q.; Si, R. Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash: Availability of Recoverable Sulfur Prills and Form Transformation of Heavy Metals. Metals 2020, 10, 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060815
Zhang R, Wei X, Hao Q, Si R. Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash: Availability of Recoverable Sulfur Prills and Form Transformation of Heavy Metals. Metals. 2020; 10(6):815. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060815
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Ruichang, Xuefeng Wei, Qiang Hao, and Ruofan Si. 2020. "Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash: Availability of Recoverable Sulfur Prills and Form Transformation of Heavy Metals" Metals 10, no. 6: 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060815