Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour in Ultrafine Grained Al 2014 Alloy Using Machine Learning
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Method
2.2. Machine Learning Methods
2.2.1. Data Pre-Processing
2.2.2. Back Propagation Neural Network
2.2.3. Extreme Learning Machine
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Experimental Data
3.2. Machine Learning
Back Propagation Neural Networks
4. Conclusions
- Machine learning techniques are way too easy and flexible as compared to designing numerical equations because of their non-linear activation functions.
- In back propagation, accuracy increases till certain number of epochs and starts decreasing after that, hence optimum number of epochs is determined by experimentation.
- In ELM model, optimum number of neurons in hidden layer affects the accuracy and is found by experimenting.
- Activation functions in both the above neural networks play a critical role as they are prominent in explaining non-linearity.
- Curve fitting model requires initial assumption about the type of function to be used and also fails if model fits other than polynomial functions as they are difficult to assume, for example log function. ELM is the best model followed by back propagation neural networks because of its ability to model non-linearity.
- The non-linearity, even in the Paris region of fatigue crack growth of the materials can be better predicted using ML algorithms rather than using Paris law or polynomial curve fitting techniques.
- The ELM model, the quickest of the two ML models used, predicts the unstable crack growth region more accurately when compared to BPNN and polynomial curve fitting techniques.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model Name | MSE |
---|---|
BPNN | 1.89 |
ELM | 1.84 |
Curve fitting | 0.09 |
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Raja, A.; Chukka, S.T.; Jayaganthan, R. Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour in Ultrafine Grained Al 2014 Alloy Using Machine Learning. Metals 2020, 10, 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101349
Raja A, Chukka ST, Jayaganthan R. Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour in Ultrafine Grained Al 2014 Alloy Using Machine Learning. Metals. 2020; 10(10):1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101349
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaja, Allavikutty, Sai Teja Chukka, and Rengaswamy Jayaganthan. 2020. "Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour in Ultrafine Grained Al 2014 Alloy Using Machine Learning" Metals 10, no. 10: 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10101349