Exercise-Induced Changes in Tumor Growth via Tumor Immunity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Immune Response
3. Effect of Exercise on Tumor Growth as Explained by Changes in Tumor Immunity
3.1. The Role of Macrophages
3.2. The Role of Neutrophils
3.3. The Role of NK Cells
3.4. The Role of T Lymphocytes
3.4.1. Acute Exercise and CD3+/CD8+/CD4+/γδ Lymphocytes
3.4.2. Longitudinal Exercise and CD3+/CD8+ Lymphocytes
3.4.3. Longitudinal Exercise and CD4+ Lymphocytes
3.4.4. Longitudinal Exercise and Tregs
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Exercise | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Study | Type | Duration | Frequency | Per Session | Intensity | |
Pre | After | ||||||
Inoculation | |||||||
10 | Abdalla et al., 2014 | swimming | 8 weeks | 5 days/week | unknown | unknown | |
12 | Zielinski et al., 2004 | treadmill running | 2 weeks | daily | 135 min/day on average | Gradually Increasing 20–40 m/min 5% incline | |
13 | Almeida et al., 2009 | swimming | 6 weeks | 5 days/week | 1 h/day | 50% of max workload | |
14 | Rundqvist et al., 2020 | wheel running | 2 weeks | 8 weeks | daily | 6 km/day on average | voluntarily |
15 | McClellan et al., 2014 | treadmill running | 12 weeks | 6 days/week | 1 h/day | 15 m/min −5% incline | |
22 | Pedersen et al., 2016 | wheel running | 4 weeks | 2 weeks | daily | 4.1 km/day on average | voluntarily |
23 | Wang et al., 2020 | wheel running | 20 days | 22 days | daily | 1 h/day | 15 m/min |
33 | Hagar et al., 2019 | wheel running | 8 weeks | 5 days/week | 10–26 min/day Gradually increasing | Gradually Increasing 4–22 m/min | |
34 | Wennerberg et al., 2020 | treadmill running | 22 days | 5 days/week | 30 min/day | 18 m/min | |
35 | Shamsi et al., 2019 | treadmill running | 6 weeks | 6 weeks | 5 days/week | 10 sets 2 min:2 min exercise/recovery | 70%:50% of VO2max exercise/recovery |
No | Study | Tumor | Exercise Duration | Tumor Infiltration | Tumor Growth | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | N | NK | CD3+ | CD8+ | CD4+ | Tregs | |||||
10 | Abdalla et al., 2014 | Drug DMBA | 8 weeks | ↑(M1) | ↓ | ||||||
12 | Zielinski et al., 2004 | EL-4 lymphoid | 2 weeks | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||
13 | Almeida et al., 2009 | Ehrlich tumor | 6 weeks | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||||
14 | Rundqvist et al., 2020 | I3TC cells | 10 weeks | — | — | — | ↑ | — | ↓ | ||
15 | McClellan et al., 2014 | intestine tumor | 12 weeks | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||
22 | Pedersen et al., 2016 | B16 melanoma | 6 weeks | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | |||||
B16 lung * | 6 weeks | ↑ | — | ↓ | |||||||
23 | Wang et al., 2020 | 4T1 breast | 44 days | ↑ | ↓ | ||||||
33 | Hagar et al., 2019 | 4T1 breast | 8 weeks | ↓(CD8/ FoxP3) | ↓ | ||||||
34 | Wennerberg et al., 2020 | 4T1 breast | 22 days | —(↑CD56) | ↓ | ||||||
35 | Shamsi et al., 2019 | 4T1 cells | 12 weeks | — | ↓ |
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Spiliopoulou, P.; Gavriatopoulou, M.; Kastritis, E.; Dimopoulos, M.A.; Terzis, G. Exercise-Induced Changes in Tumor Growth via Tumor Immunity. Sports 2021, 9, 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9040046
Spiliopoulou P, Gavriatopoulou M, Kastritis E, Dimopoulos MA, Terzis G. Exercise-Induced Changes in Tumor Growth via Tumor Immunity. Sports. 2021; 9(4):46. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9040046
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpiliopoulou, Polyxeni, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Efstathios Kastritis, Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos, and Gerasimos Terzis. 2021. "Exercise-Induced Changes in Tumor Growth via Tumor Immunity" Sports 9, no. 4: 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9040046