Device-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Canadians with Chronic Disease(s): Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
Participants
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Public Health Agency of Canada. How Healthy are Canadians? A Trend Analysis of the Health of Canadians from a Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Perspective; Public Health Agency of Canada: Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2016; ISBN 978-0-660-06581-6.
- MacMahon, S. Multimorbidity: A Priority for Global Health Research; The Academy of Medical Sciences: London, UK, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Tremblay, M.S.; Aubert, S.; Barnes, J.D.; Saunders, T.J.; Carson, V.; Latimer-Cheung, A.E.; Chastin, S.F.; Altenburg, T.M.; Chinapaw, M.J. Sedentary behavior research network (SBRN)—Terminology consensus project process and outcome. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2017, 14, 75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pedersen, B.K.; Saltin, B. Exercise as medicine—Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2015, 25, 1–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Biswas, A.; Oh, P.I.; Faulkner, G.E.; Bajaj, R.R.; Silver, M.A.; Mitchell, M.S.; Alter, D.A. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2015, 162, 123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Owen, N.; Sparling, P.B.; Healy, G.N.; Dunstan, D.W.; Matthews, C.E. Sedentary behavior: Emerging evidence for a new health risk. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2010, 85, 1138–1141. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- De Vries, N.M.; van Ravensberg, C.D.; Hobbelen, J.S.M.; Olde Rikkert, M.G.M.; Staal, J.B.; Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M.W.G. Effects of physical exercise therapy on mobility, physical functioning, physical activity and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults with impaired mobility, physical disability and/or multi-morbidity: A meta-analysis. Ageing Res. Rev. 2012, 11, 136–149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thornton, J.S.; Frémont, P.; Khan, K.; Poirier, P.; Fowles, J.; Wells, G.D.; Frankovich, R.J. Physical activity prescription: A critical opportunity to address a modifiable risk factor for the prevention and management of chronic disease: A position statement by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine. Br. J. Sports Med. 2016, 50, 1109–1114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Warburton, D.E.R.; Bredin, S.S.D. Reflections on physical activity and health: What should we recommend? Can. J. Cardiol. 2016, 32, 495–504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Keats, M.R.; Cui, Y.; DeClercq, V.; Dummer, T.J.B.; Forbes, C.; Grandy, S.A.; Hicks, J.; Sweeney, E.; Yu, Z.M.; Parker, L. Multimorbidity in Atlantic Canada and association with low levels of physical activity. Prev. Med. 2017, 105, 326–331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Autenrieth, C.S.; Kirchberger, I.; Heier, M.; Zimmermann, A.-K.; Peters, A.; Döring, A.; Thorand, B. Physical activity is inversely associated with multimorbidity in elderly men: Results from the KORA-Age Augsburg Study. Prev. Med. 2013, 57, 17–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Marques, A.; Santos, D.A.; Peralta, M.; Sardinha, L.B.; González Valeiro, M. Regular physical activity eliminates the harmful association of television watching with multimorbidity. A cross-sectional study from the European Social Survey. Prev. Med. 2018, 109, 28–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vancampfort, D.; Stubbs, B.; Koyanagi, A. Physical chronic conditions, multimorbidity and sedentary behavior amongst middle-aged and older adults in six low- and middle-income countries. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2017, 14, 147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Xu, X.; Mishra, G.D.; Dobson, A.J.; Jones, M. Progression of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke multimorbidity in middle-aged women: A 20-year cohort study. PLoS Med. 2018, 15, e1002516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Colley, R.C.; Butler, G.; Garriguet, D.; Prince, S.A.; Roberts, K.C. Comparison of self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity in Canadian adults. Health Rep. 2018, 29, 3–15. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, I.-M.; Shiroma, E.J.; Evenson, K.R.; Kamada, M.; LaCroix, A.Z.; Buring, J.E. Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to all-cause mortality: The women’s health study. Circulation 2018, 137, 203–205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Skender, S.; Ose, J.; Chang-Claude, J.; Paskow, M.; Brühmann, B.; Siegel, E.M.; Steindorf, K.; Ulrich, C.M. Accelerometry and physical activity questionnaires—A systematic review. BMC Public Health 2016, 16, 515. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dankel, S.J.; Loenneke, J.P.; Loprinzi, P.D. Combined associations of muscle-strengthening activities and accelerometer-assessed physical activity on multimorbidity: Findings from NHANES. Am. J. Health Promot. 2017, 31, 274–277. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Loprinzi, P.D. Associations between bouted and non-bouted physical activity on multimorbidity. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging 2017, 37, 782–784. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sievi, N.; Brack, T.; Brutsche, M.; Frey, M.; Irani, S.; Leuppi, J.; Thurnheer, R.; Kohler, M.; Clarenbach, C. Accelerometer- versus questionnaire-based assessment of physical activity and their changes over time in patients with COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2017, 12, 1113–1118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ording, A.; Henrik Toft Sørensen, H. Concepts of comorbidities, multiple morbidities, complications, and their clinical epidemiologic analogs. Clin. Epidemiol. 2013, 5, 199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tremblay, M.S.; Connor Gorber, S. Canadian health measures survey: Brief overview. Can. J. Public Health Rev. Can. Sante Publique 2007, 98, 453–456. [Google Scholar]
- Day, B.; Langlois, R.; Tremblay, M.; Knoppers, B.-M. Canadian health measures survey: Ethical, legal and social issues. Health Rep. 2007, 18, 16. [Google Scholar]
- Colley, R.C.; Garriguet, D.; Janssen, I.; Craig, C.L.; Clarke, J.; Tremblay, M.S. Physical activity of Canadian adults: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian health measures survey. Health Rep. 2011, 22, 7–14. [Google Scholar]
- Violan, C.; Foguet-Boreu, Q.; Flores-Mateo, G.; Salisbury, C.; Blom, J.; Freitag, M.; Glynn, L.; Muth, C.; Valderas, J.M. Prevalence, determinants and patterns of multimorbidity in primary care: A systematic review of observational studies. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e102149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wong, S.L.; Malaison, E.; Hammond, D.; Leatherdale, S.T. Secondhand smoke exposure among canadians: Cotinine and self-report measures from the Canadian health measures survey 2007–2009. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2013, 15, 693–700. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baumeister, H.; Kriston, L.; Bengel, J.; Härter, M. High agreement of self-report and physician-diagnosed somatic conditions yields limited bias in examining mental–physical comorbidity. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2010, 63, 558–565. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lamprecht, B.; Soriano, J.B.; Studnicka, M.; Kaiser, B.; Vanfleteren, L.E.; Gnatiuc, L.; Burney, P.; Miravitlles, M.; García-Rio, F.; Akbari, K.; et al. Determinants of underdiagnosis of COPD in National and International Surveys. Chest 2015, 148, 971–985. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Miller, M.R. General considerations for lung function testing. Eur. Respir. J. 2005, 26, 153–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Evans, J.; Chen, Y.; Camp, P.G.; Bowie, D.M.; McRae, L. Estimating the prevalence of COPD in Canada: Reported diagnosis versus measured airflow obstruction. Health Rep. 2014, 25, 3–11. [Google Scholar]
- Esliger, D.W.; Probert, A.; Gorber, S.C.; Bryan, S.; Laviolette, M.; Tremblay, M.S. Validity of the actical accelerometer step-count function. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2007, 39, 1200–1204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Demeyer, H.; Burtin, C.; Van Remoortel, H.; Hornikx, M.; Langer, D.; Decramer, M.; Gosselink, R.; Janssens, W.; Troosters, T. Standardizing the analysis of physical activity in patients with COPD following a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Chest 2014, 146, 318–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jemal, A.; Ward, E.M.; Johnson, C.J.; Cronin, K.A.; Ma, J.; Ryerson, A.B.; Mariotto, A.; Lake, A.J.; Wilson, R.; Sherman, R.L.; et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2014, featuring survival. JNCI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2017, 1, 109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hagströmer, M.; Rizzo, N.S.; Sjöström, M. Associations of season and region on objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour. J. Sports Sci. 2014, 32, 629–634. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Choi, J.; Lee, M.; Lee, J.; Kang, D.; Choi, J.-Y. Correlates associated with participation in physical activity among adults: A systematic review of reviews and update. BMC Public Health 2017, 17, 356. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pettee Gabriel, K.K.; Morrow, J.R.; Woolsey, A.-L.T. Framework for physical activity as a complex and multidimensional behavior. J. Phys. Act. Health 2012, 9 (Suppl. 1), S11–S18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lumley, T. Complex Surveys: A Guide to Analysis Using R; Wiley Series in Survey Methodology; John Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2010; ISBN 978-0-470-28430-8. [Google Scholar]
- Bernard, P.; Hains-Monfette, G.; Atoui, S.; Moullec, G. Daily objective physical activity and sedentary time in adults with COPD using spirometry data from canadian measures health survey. Can. Respir. J. 2018, 2018, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Loprinzi, P.D. Sedentary behavior and medical multimorbidity. Physiol. Behav. 2015, 151, 395–397. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vorrink, S.N.; Kort, H.S.; Troosters, T.; Lammers, J.-W.J. Level of daily physical activity in individuals with COPD compared with healthy controls. Respir. Res. 2011, 12, 33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Saunders, T.; Campbell, N.; Jason, T.; Dechman, G.; Hernandez, P.; Thompson, K.; Blanchard, C.M. Objectively measured steps/day in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Phys. Act. Health 2016, 13, 1275–1283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wen, X.J.; Balluz, L.S. Physical activity level and ischemic heart disease prevalence among individuals aged 45 years and older with normal weight, BRFSS, 2007. J. Phys. Act. Health 2011, 8, 475–480. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morrato, E.H.; Hill, J.O.; Wyatt, H.R.; Ghushchyan, V.; Sullivan, P.W. Physical activity in U.S. adults with diabetes and at risk for developing diabetes, 2003. Diabetes Care 2007, 30, 203–209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Thraen-Borowski, K.M.; Gennuso, K.P.; Cadmus-Bertram, L. Accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary time by cancer type in the United States. PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0182554. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, P.H.; Macfarlane, D.J.; Lam, T.; Stewart, S.M. Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2011, 8, 115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fortin, M.; Stewart, M.; Poitras, M.-E.; Almirall, J.; Maddocks, H. A systematic review of prevalence studies on multimorbidity: Toward a more uniform methodology. Ann. Fam. Med. 2012, 10, 142–151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lefèvre, T.; d’Ivernois, J.-F.; De Andrade, V.; Crozet, C.; Lombrail, P.; Gagnayre, R. What do we mean by multimorbidity? An analysis of the literature on multimorbidity measures, associated factors, and impact on health services organization. Rev. Dépidémiologie Santé Publique 2014, 62, 305–314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Troiano, R.P.; McClain, J.J.; Brychta, R.J.; Chen, K.Y. Evolution of accelerometer methods for physical activity research. Br. J. Sports Med. 2014, 48, 1019–1023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Foulds, H.J.A.; Warburton, D.E.R.; Bredin, S.S.D. A systematic review of physical activity levels in Native American populations in Canada and the United States in the last 50 years: Native American physical activity levels. Obes. Rev. 2013, 14, 593–603. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
0 chronic Disease | 1 chronic Disease | 2 chronic Diseases | 3 or More Chronic Disease | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age M(SE) | 50.7 (0.3) | 57.1 (0.5) | 63.67 (0.7) | 68.1 (1.3) |
Sex (women) %(N) | 52.1 (6,498,043) | 49.8 (2,106,520) | 45.4 (396,980) | 28.2 (23,461) |
BMI M(SE) | 26.7 (0.17) | 27.2 (0.3) | 27.4 (0.5) | 27.6 (0.9) |
Marital status (alone) %(N) | 22.8 (2,839,175) | 30.4 (1,288,662) | 33.0 (289,111) | 26.6 (22,105) |
Worked at job last year %(N) | ||||
Yes | 78.6 (9,843,658) | 59.7 (2,508,893) | 33.4 (317,453) | |
No | 19.7 (2,463,938) | 34.4 (1,445,542) | 56.2 (534,773) | |
Study/retired | 1.7 (210,661) | 6.0 (250,236) | 10.4 (98,708) | |
Income %(N) | ||||
<$15k | 3.1 (389,603) | 4.4 (184,754) | 7.7 (67,706) | 5.0 (4191) |
$15k–$19.99k | 1.9 (240,147) | 3.1 (132,711) | 6.5 (56,496) | 6.0 (5005) |
$20k–$29.99k | 7.0 (879,349) | 10.5 (444,517) | 11.1 (96,851) | 23.8 (19,777) |
$30k–$39.99k | 8.5 (1,058,326) | 13.9 (588,064) | 12.6 (110,048) | 15.0 (12,509) |
$40k–$49.99k | 9.3 (1,156,616) | 11.6 (490,457) | 13.2 (115,780) | 15.6 (12,930) |
$50k–$59.99k | 8.5 (1,057,049) | 7.2 (303,850) | 16.9 (148,125) | 2.6 (2119) |
$60k–$79.99k | 15.4 (1,927,038) | 15.5 (653,634) | 10.4 (90,628) | 12.6 (10,437) |
$80k–$99.99k | 12.5 (1,559,372) | 10.2 (433,063) | 5.7 (49,815) | 9.6 (7994) |
≥$100k | 33.8 (4,217,903) | 23.6 (999,096) | 16.0 (139,690) | 9.9 (8214) |
Self-reported COPD %(N) | 0.2 (25,064) | 2.3 (98,029) | 10.3 (98,554) | |
Coughs phlegm regularly %(N) | 9.3 (1,156,208) | 15.6 (659,775) | 21.1 (184,623) | 29.2 (24,273) |
Simple chores make short of breath %(N) | 7.8 (974,235) | 14.3 (605,945) | 26.5 (231,898) | 23.4 (19,444) |
Self-rated health %(N) | ||||
Fair/poor | 9.2 (1,143,509) | 15.6 (660,276) | 30.6 (267,604) | 33.5 (27,835) |
(Very)good/excellent | 90.8 (11,341,895) | 84.4 (3,569,870) | 69.4 (607,533) | 66.5 (55,339) |
Self-reported mood disorder %(N) | 10.6 (1,319,094) | 12.4 (522,529) | 11.5 (110,559) | |
Other physical or mental condition %(N) | 20.8 (2,600,578) | 17.9 (756,620) | 21.9 (192,042) | 19.9 (16,530) |
Sleep outcomes | ||||
Sleep duration (hours) M(Se) | 7.0 (0.03) | 7.0 (0.07) | 7.3 (0.14) | 7.0 (0.28) |
Frequency of sleep problems %(N) | ||||
Never/rarely/sometimes | 78.7 (9,816,393) | 74.0 (3,138,652) | 73.5 (706,371) | |
Most of the/all the time | 21.3 (2,652,053) | 26.0 (1,105,320) | 26.5 (255,072) | |
Restorative sleep %(N) | ||||
Never/rarely/sometimes | 41.1 (5,126,526) | 37.0 (1,571,640) | 41.5 (399,061) | |
Most of the/all the time | 58.9 (7,341,540) | 63.0 (2,672,641) | 58.5 (562,452) | |
Difficulty staying awake %(N) | ||||
Never/rarely/sometimes | 95.6 (11,926,974) | 94.0 (3,983,628) | 92.3 (886,114) | |
Most of the/all the time | 4.4 (546,150) | 6.1 (256,529) | 7.8 (74,466) | |
Smoking variables | ||||
Smoking %(N) | 16.1 (2,014,372) | 29.7 (1,246,607) | 28.5 (273,110) | |
Age smoked first whole cig. (years) M(SE) | 16.0 (0.2) | 15.6 (0.2) | 15.7 (0.6) | 16.1 (1.5) |
Age smoking every day (years) M(SE) | 19.0 (0.2) | 18.9 (0.5) | 18.4 (0.5) | 19.5 (1.7) |
Number of cig. smoked/day when at least one cig/month M(SE) | 6.1 (0.3) | 6.7 (0.3) | 6.3 (0.4) | 7.4 (2.1) |
Number of years smoked daily (former daily smokers) M(SE) | 19.0 (0.2) | 18.9 (0.5) | 18.4 (0.5) | 19.5 (1.7) |
Levels of cotinine M(SE) | 214.1 (22.6) | 416.9 (36.8) | 394.9 (102) | 358.22 (138.2) |
Spirometry | ||||
FEV1/FVC M(SE) | 0.78 (0.001) | 0.71 (0.003) | 0.70 (0.01) | 0.65 (0.02) |
Characteristics of physical activity and sedentary behavior | ||||
Acc. wearing time (hours/day) M(SE) | 13.8 (0.04) | 13.6 (0.07) | 13.1 (0.1) | 13.2 (0.3) |
MVPA (min/day) M(SE) | 19.8 (0.7) | 15.6 (1) | 9.7 (0.9) | 6.4 (1) |
LPA (min/day) M(SE) | 218.1 (2.6) | 205.9 (4.2) | 171.4 (7.1) | 155.4 (9.6) |
Steps per day M(SE) | 7817 (104.6) | 7291 (177.8) | 5779 (303.5) | 5483 (666.9) |
Sedentarity (min/day) M(SE) | 555.3 (2.5) | 564.2 (4.2) | 579.7 (6.4) | 606.8 (16.1) |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Hains-Monfette, G.; Atoui, S.; Needham Dancause, K.; Bernard, P. Device-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Canadians with Chronic Disease(s): Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Sports 2019, 7, 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050113
Hains-Monfette G, Atoui S, Needham Dancause K, Bernard P. Device-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Canadians with Chronic Disease(s): Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Sports. 2019; 7(5):113. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050113
Chicago/Turabian StyleHains-Monfette, Gabriel, Sarah Atoui, Kelsey Needham Dancause, and Paquito Bernard. 2019. "Device-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Canadians with Chronic Disease(s): Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey" Sports 7, no. 5: 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050113