The Relationship Between Strap Use and Classification Score in Elite Wheelchair Basketball Players
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Survey Instruments
- The first section provided information about the study and included the informed consent;
- The second section gathered demographic data and general information (e.g., sex, age, anthropometric characteristics, cause of motor disability, type of wheelchair use);
- The third section focused on the experience in WB (e.g., classification score verified via official records, playing role, years of experience in WB);
- The fourth and last section collected information about the use of wheelchair straps. Specifically, it included eight yes/no questions in which athletes indicated whether they use each specific type of strap (i.e., chest, abdominal, pelvic, thigh, leg, and foot strap).
2.4. Group Classification
2.5. Sample Size Calculation
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Chest Strap
4.2. Abdominal Strap
4.3. Pelvic Strap
4.4. Thigh Strap
4.5. Leg Strap
4.6. Foot Strap
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
WB | Wheelchair basketball |
IWBF | International Wheelchair Basketball Federation |
LPPs | Low-point players |
HPPs | High-point players |
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Variable | Value |
---|---|
Age, mean ± SD (range), y | 28.96 ± 9.62 (16–49) |
Male, n (%) | 75 (90.4) |
Height, mean ± SD (range), cm | 171.55 ± 14.39 (130–198) |
Weight, mean ± SD (range), kg | 65.38 ± 13.6 (33.6–96) |
Cause of disability, n (%) | |
| 43 (51.8) |
| 14 (16.9) |
| 26 (31.3) |
Use of wheelchair, n (%) | |
| 28 (33.7) |
| 55 (66.3) |
Classification score, n (%) | |
| 43 (52.4) |
| 39 (47.6) |
Years of experience in WB, mean ± SD (range), y | 10.34 ± 6.84 (1–28) |
Classification Score | |||
---|---|---|---|
LPP | HPP | p-Value | |
Use of wheelchair, n (%) | |||
| 4 (9.30) | 23 (58.97) | <0.001 |
| 39 (90.7) | 16 (41.03) | <0.001 |
Cause of disability, n (%) | |||
| 32 (74.42) | 11 (28.21) | <0.001 |
| 9 (20.93) | 5 (12.82) | <0.001 |
| 2 (4.65) | 23 (58.97) | <0.001 |
Classification Score | |||
---|---|---|---|
LPP | HPP | p-Value | |
Use of chest strap, n (%)
| 9 (20.93) 34 (79.07) | 2 (5.13) 37 (94.87) | 0.036 |
Use of abdominal strap, n (%)
| 9 (20.93) 34 (79.07) | 2 (5.13) 37 (94.87) | 0.036 |
Use of pelvic strap, n (%)
| 17 (39.54) 26 (60.46) | 15 (38.46) 24 (61.54) | 0.921 |
Use of thigh strap, n (%)
| 35 (81.40) 8 (18.60) | 38 (97.44) 1 (2.56) | 0.020 |
Use of leg strap, n (%)
| 10 (23.26) 33 (76.74) | 17 (43.59) 22 (56.41) | 0.050 |
Use of foot strap, n (%)
| 28 (65.12) 15 (34.88) | 15 (38.46) 24 (61.54) | 0.016 |
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Farì, G.; Quarta, F.; Longo, S.C.; Zappile, F.; Masiero, L.; Varrassi, G.; Bernetti, A. The Relationship Between Strap Use and Classification Score in Elite Wheelchair Basketball Players. Sports 2025, 13, 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13070222
Farì G, Quarta F, Longo SC, Zappile F, Masiero L, Varrassi G, Bernetti A. The Relationship Between Strap Use and Classification Score in Elite Wheelchair Basketball Players. Sports. 2025; 13(7):222. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13070222
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarì, Giacomo, Francesco Quarta, Sara Clelia Longo, Fernando Zappile, Laura Masiero, Giustino Varrassi, and Andrea Bernetti. 2025. "The Relationship Between Strap Use and Classification Score in Elite Wheelchair Basketball Players" Sports 13, no. 7: 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13070222
APA StyleFarì, G., Quarta, F., Longo, S. C., Zappile, F., Masiero, L., Varrassi, G., & Bernetti, A. (2025). The Relationship Between Strap Use and Classification Score in Elite Wheelchair Basketball Players. Sports, 13(7), 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13070222