How Does Instability Affect Bench Press Performance? Acute Effect Analysis with Different Loads in Trained and Untrained Populations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Approach to the Problem
2.2. Participants/Sample
2.3. Procedures
2.3.1. Incremental Load Test
2.3.2. Experimental Protocol
2.3.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Low Loads (40% of 1RM)
3.2. Medium Loads (60% of 1RM)
3.3. High Loads (80% of 1RM)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Practical Applications
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Age (Years) | Body Mass (kg) | Body Height (cm) |
---|---|---|---|
Untrained (n = 15) | 26.73 ± 4.31 | 77.80 ± 4.44 | 176.40 ± 2.80 |
Trained (n = 15) | 27.54 ± 3.57 | 81.49 ± 9.67 | 179.58 ± 8.95 |
Untrained MPS | Trained MPS | All Participants | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | % Dif. Groups | M | SD | % Dif. | |||
LL | UP | LL | UP | |||||||||||||
Stable (SB) | 15 | 1.16 | 0.11 | 1.11 | 1.22 | 15 | 1.24 | 0.10 | 1.18 | 1.30 | 6.45% | 1.20 | 0.11 | |||
Asymmetric (AB) | 15 | 1.11 | 0.07 | 4.31% | 1.06 | 1.16 | 15 | 1.15 | 0.11 | 7.26% | 1.10 | 1.20 | 3.48% | 1.13 a | 0.10 | 5.83% |
Unstable Load (UB) | 15 | 1.10 | 0.11 | 5.17% | 1.04 | 1.17 | 15 | 1.11 | 0.13 | 10.48% | 1.05 | 1.18 | 0.90% | 1.11 a | 0.12 | 7.50% |
Fitball (FB) | 15 | 1.05 | 0.10 | 9.48% | 0.99 | 1.11 | 15 | 1.06 | 0.13 | 14.52% | 1.00 | 1.12 | 0.94% | 1.05 a | 0.11 | 12.50% |
Bosu (BB) | 15 | 1.03 | 0.08 | 11.21% | 0.96 | 1.10 | 15 | 1.04 | 0.17 | 16.13% | 1.00 | 1.11 | 0.96% | 1.03 ab | 0.11 | 14.17% |
Untrained MS | Trained MS | All Participants | ||||||||||||||
N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | % Dif. Groups | M | SD | % Dif. | |||
LL | UP | LL | UP | |||||||||||||
Stable (SB) | 15 | 1.73 | 0.11 | 1.67 | 1.84 | 15 | 1.81 | 0.15 | 1.74 | 1.89 | 4.42% | 1.77 | 0.14 | |||
Asymmetric (AB) | 15 | 1.70 | 0.15 | 1.73% | 1.66 | 1.80 | 15 | 1.70 | 0.17 | 6.08% | 1.61 | 1.78 | 0.00% | 1.70 | 0.16 | 3.95% |
Unstable Load (UB) | 15 | 1.70 | 0.08 | 1.73% | 1.63 | 1.77 | 15 | 1.70 | 0.16 | 6.08% | 1.63 | 1.77 | 0.00% | 1.70 | 0.13 | 3.95% |
Fitball (FB) | 15 | 1.61 | 0.12 | 6.94% | 1.55 | 1.67 | 15 | 1.69 | 0.11 | 6.63% | 1.63 | 1.75 | 4.73% | 1.65 a | 0.12 | 6.78% |
Bosu (BB) | 15 | 1.55 | 0.15 | 10.40% | 1.46 | 1.65 | 15 | 1.66 | 0.22 | 8.29% | 1.57 | 1.76 | 6.63% | 1.61 a | 0.19 | 9.04% |
Untrained PW | Trained PW | All Participants | ||||||||||||||
N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | % Dif. Groups | M | SD | % Dif. | |||
LL | UP | LL | UP | |||||||||||||
Stable (SB) | 15 | 388.93 | 67.68 | 354.36 | 423.51 | 15 | 444.40 | 53.90 | 421.51 | 467.29 | 12.48% | 415.50 | 51.69 | |||
Asymmetric (AB) | 15 | 386.60 | 28.92 | 0.60% | 363.71 | 409.49 | 15 | 421.87 | 79.67 | 5.07% | 384.59 | 459.15 | 8.36% | 399.36 | 72.94 | 3.88% |
Unstable Load (UB) | 15 | 376.87 | 59.91 | 3.10% | 339.59 | 414.15 | 15 | 407.60 | 62.96 | 8.28% | 373.03 | 442.17 | 7.54% | 398.27 | 64.93 | 4.15% |
Fitball (FB) | 15 | 365.07 | 65.56 | 6.13% | 330.37 | 399.76 | 15 | 393.20 | 65.64 | 11.52% | 358.51 | 427.90 | 7.15% | 379.13 a | 66.03 | 8.75% |
Bosu (BB) | 15 | 335.13 | 45.04 | 13.83% | 310.77 | 359.50 | 15 | 366.40 | 47.07 | 17.55% | 342.04 | 390.76 | 8.53% | 350.77 abc | 47.98 | 15.58% |
Untrained MPS | Trained MPS | All Participants | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | % Dif. Groups | M | SD | % Dif. | ||||
LL | UP | LL | UP | ||||||||||||||
Stable (SB) | 15 | 0.85 | 0.10 | 0.80 | 0.95 | 15 | 0.88 | 0.09 | 0.83 | 0.93 | 3.41% | 0.87 | 0.09 | ||||
Asymmetric (AB) | 15 | 0.76 | 0.06 | 10.59% | 0.72 | 0.81 | 15 | 0.85 | 0.09 | 3.41% | 0.81 | 0.89 | 10.59% | 0.80 | 0.09 | 8.05% | |
Unstable Load (UB) | 15 | 0.76 | 0.08 | 10.59% | 0.72 | 0.80 | 15 | 0.81 | 0.09 | 7.95% | 0.76 | 0.85 | 6.17% | 0.79 a | 0.09 | 9.20% | |
Fitball (FB) | 15 | 0.73 | 0.08 | 14.12% | 0.69 | 0.77 | 15 | 0.73 | 0.08 | 17.05% | 0.69 | 0.77 | 0.00% | 0.73 ab | 0.08 | 16.09% | |
Bosu (BB) | 15 | 0.69 | 0.09 | 18.82% | 0.65 | 0.75 | 15 | 0.70 | 0.10 | 20.45% | 0.64 | 0.74 | 1.43% | 0.69 abd | 0.10 | 20.69% | |
Untrained MS | Trained MS | All Participants | |||||||||||||||
N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | % Dif. Groups | M | SD | % Dif. | ||||
LL | UP | LL | UP | ||||||||||||||
Stable (SB) | 15 | 1.29 | 0.10 | 1.23 | 1.35 | 15 | 1.34 | 0.13 | 1.27 | 1.40 | 3.73% | 1.31 | 0.12 | ||||
Asymmetric (AB) | 15 | 1.21 | 0.10 | 6.20% | 1.16 | 1.26 | 15 | 1.30 | 0.13 | 2.99% | 1.24 | 1.36 | 6.92% | 1.25 | 0.13 | 4.58% | |
Unstable Load (UB) | 15 | 1.20 | 0.11 | 6.98% | 1.13 | 1.26 | 15 | 1.28 | 0.14 | 4.48% | 1.22 | 1.35 | 6.25% | 1.24 | 0.13 | 5.34% | |
Fitball (FB) | 15 | 1.19 | 0.11 | 7.75% | 1.13 | 1.25 | 15 | 1.23 | 0.08 | 8.21% | 1.19 | 1.28 | 3.25% | 1.22 a | 0.09 | 6.87% | |
Bosu (BB) | 15 | 1.14 | 0.08 | 11.63% | 1.07 | 1.21 | 15 | 1.14 | 0.16 | 14.93% | 1.07 | 1.21 | 0.00% | 1.14 abc | 0.13 | 12.98% | |
Untrained PW | Trained PW | All Participants | |||||||||||||||
N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | % Dif. Groups | M | SD | % Dif. | ||||
LL | UP | LL | UP | ||||||||||||||
Stable (SB) | 15 | 401.13 | 64.81 | 365.22 | 437.05 | 15 | 466.33 | 70.87 | 430.42 | 502.25 | 13.98% | 473.73 | 74.51 | ||||
Asymmetric (AB) | 15 | 394.73 | 48.95 | 1.60% | 355.32 | 434.15 | 15 | 436.67 | 93.33 | 6.36% | 397.25 | 476.08 | 9.60% | 415.70 | 76.27 | 12.25% | |
Unstable Load (UB) | 15 | 388.27 | 54.21 | 3.21% | 353.35 | 423.19 | 15 | 435.60 | 76.02 | 6.59% | 400.68 | 470.52 | 10.87% | 411.93 a | 69.19 | 13.05% | |
Fitball (FB) | 15 | 367.27 | 56.01 | 8.44% | 334.52 | 400.01 | 15 | 398.53 | 67.32 | 14.54% | 365.78 | 431.28 | 7.84% | 382.90 abc | 62.89 | 19.17% | |
Bosu (BB) | 15 | 348.67 | 54.10 | 13.08% | 321.61 | 375.72 | 15 | 382.07 | 48.04 | 18.07% | 355.00 | 409.12 | 8.74% | 365.37 abc | 53.06 | 22.87% |
Untrained MPS | Trained MPS | All Participants | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | % Dif. Groups | M | SD | % Dif. | |||
LL | UP | LL | UP | |||||||||||||
Stable (SB) | 15 | 0.56 | 0.08 | 0.51 | 0.61 | 15 | 0.57 | 0.10 | 0.53 | 0.63 | 1.75% | 0.57 | 0.09 | |||
Asymmetric (AB) | 15 | 0.50 | 0.04 | 10.71% | 0.46 | 0.53 | 15 | 0.55 | 0.08 | 3.51% | 0.51 | 0.58 | 9.09% | 0.52 | 0.07 | 8.77% |
Unstable Load (UB) | 15 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 10.71% | 0.46 | 0.53 | 15 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 12.28% | 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.00% | 0.49 a | 0.07 | 14.04% |
Fitball (FB) | 15 | 0.45 | 0.14 | 19.64% | 0.40 | 0.52 | 15 | 0.48 | 0.06 | 15.79% | 0.44 | 0.52 | 6.25% | 0.48 a | 0.11 | 15.79% |
Bosu (BB) | 15 | 0.43 | 0.05 | 23.21% | 0.40 | 0.46 | 15 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 21.05% | 0.42 | 0.48 | 4.44% | 0.44 ab | 0.06 | 22.81% |
Untrained MS | Trained MS | All Participants | ||||||||||||||
N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | % Dif. Groups | M | SD | % Dif. | |||
LL | UP | LL | UP | |||||||||||||
Stable (SB) | 15 | 0.88 | 0.09 | 0.81 | 0.95 | 15 | 0.90 | 0.15 | 0.82 | 0.97 | 2.22% | 0.89 | 0.13 | |||
Asymmetric (AB) | 15 | 0.82 | 0.12 | 6.82% | 0.74 | 0.89 | 15 | 0.88 | 0.17 | 2.22% | 0.81 | 0.95 | 6.82% | 0.86 | 0.14 | 3.37% |
Unstable Load (UB) | 15 | 0.81 | 0.09 | 7.95% | 0.75 | 0.87 | 15 | 0.81 | 0.13 | 10.00% | 0.75 | 0.87 | 0.00% | 0.81 | 0.11 | 8.99% |
Fitball (FB) | 15 | 0.72 | 0.17 | 18.18% | 0.65 | 0.79 | 15 | 0.79 | 0.12 | 12.22% | 0.73 | 0.84 | 8.86% | 0.75 a | 0.11 | 15.73% |
Bosu (BB) | 15 | 0.71 | 0.09 | 19.32% | 0.66 | 0.76 | 15 | 0.76 | 0.10 | 15.56% | 0.69 | 0.83 | 6.58% | 0.74 a | 0.14 | 16.85% |
Untrained PW | Trained PW | All Participants | ||||||||||||||
N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | N | M | SD | % Dif | IC—95% | % Dif. Groups | M | SD | % Dif. | |||
LL | UP | LL | UP | |||||||||||||
Stable (SB) | 15 | 379.73 | 52.59 | 1595.37 | 1790.55 | 15 | 421.07 | 100.27 | 1946.03 | 2145.08 | 9.82% | 400.4 | 81.43 | |||
Asymmetric (AB) | 15 | 375.67 | 69.07 | 1.07% | 1277.28 | 1470.51 | 15 | 399.93 | 88.33 | 5.02% | 1772.64 | 1969.69 | 6.07% | 387.8 | 78.88 | 3.15% |
Unstable Load (UB) | 15 | 371.60 | 60.78 | 2.14% | 1252.20 | 1424.87 | 15 | 392.80 | 86.91 | 6.71% | 1615.51 | 1791.59 | 5.40% | 382.2 | 74.47 | 4.55% |
Fitball (FB) | 15 | 336.60 | 63.18 | 11.36% | 1197.77 | 1340.87 | 15 | 344.00 | 72.43 | 18.30% | 1503.87 | 1649.81 | 2.15% | 340.2 abc | 84.79 | 15.03% |
Bosu (BB) | 15 | 314.87 | 52.82 | 17.08% | 1104.57 | 1254.13 | 15 | 343.80 | 104.27 | 18.35% | 1447.90 | 1600.42 | 8.41% | 329.43 abc | 64.02 | 17.72% |
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Marquina, M.; Lorenzo-Calvo, J.; García-Sánchez, C.; Rubia, A.d.l.; Rivilla-García, J.; Ferro-Sánchez, A. How Does Instability Affect Bench Press Performance? Acute Effect Analysis with Different Loads in Trained and Untrained Populations. Sports 2023, 11, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11030067
Marquina M, Lorenzo-Calvo J, García-Sánchez C, Rubia Adl, Rivilla-García J, Ferro-Sánchez A. How Does Instability Affect Bench Press Performance? Acute Effect Analysis with Different Loads in Trained and Untrained Populations. Sports. 2023; 11(3):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11030067
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarquina, Moisés, Jorge Lorenzo-Calvo, Carlos García-Sánchez, Alfonso de la Rubia, Jesús Rivilla-García, and Amelia Ferro-Sánchez. 2023. "How Does Instability Affect Bench Press Performance? Acute Effect Analysis with Different Loads in Trained and Untrained Populations" Sports 11, no. 3: 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11030067