Epigenetic Modifications in Generalized Autoimmune Epithelitis: Sjögren’s Syndrome and Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Epigenetic Modifications in SjS and PBC
2.1. DNA Methylation/Hydroxymethylation
Description
2.2. DNA Methylation/Hydroxymethylation in SjS and PBC
2.3. Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in SjS and PBC
2.4. Histone Modifications
Description
2.5. Histone Modifications in SjS and PBC
2.6. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs)
Description
2.7. miRNAs in SjS and PBC
3. Overview and Future Perspectives
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
SjS | Sjögren’s Syndrome |
PBC | primary biliary cholangitis |
ANA | antinuclear antibodies |
AMA | antimitochondrial antibodies |
SGECs | salivary glands epithelial cells |
5mC | 5-methylcytosine |
DNMT | DNA methyltransferase |
TET | ten eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase |
MBDs | methyl binding domains |
MeCP | methyl-CpG-binding proteins |
LINE-1 | long interspersed nuclear element |
5hmC | 5-hydroxymethylcytosine |
IFN | interferon |
GWAS | genome-wide association studies |
CXCR3 | C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 |
EWAS | epigenome-wide association studies |
DMCs | differentially methylated CpGs |
HLA-B | human leucocyte antigen B |
IFI44L | interferon-induced protein 44 like |
IFIT1 | interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 |
SMARCA1 | SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 1 |
IL-6 | interleukin 6 |
LIGHT | tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 |
IL-17 | interleukin 17 |
PBMCs | peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
TRAIL | TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand |
miRNAs | Micro-RNAs |
UTR | untranslated region |
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Study | Method | Sample | Findings |
---|---|---|---|
Huet al, 2011 [68] | Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) | 60 PBC patients (55 women, 5 men) | Increased H4 histone acetylation of promoters for CD40L, LIGHT, IL-17, IFNγ and deacetylation of H4 histone of TRAIL, Apo2, HDAC7A promoter in T cells. |
Lleo et al., 2012 [66] | Bisulfite sequencing | 20 PBC women, 20 healthy women, 9 women with psoriasis, 9 women with DM1 | Hypomethylationof CD40L gene promoter |
Selmi et al., 2014 [69] | DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) | 3 pairs of monozygotic female twins, 8 pairs of sisters discordant for PBC | Differentmethylation • twins—60 gene regions • sisters—14 gene regions Downregulation of: CXCR5, HLA-B, IFI44L, IFIT1, and SMARCA1, Upregulation of IL-6 |
Lleo et al., 2015 [51] | Bisulfite sequencing | 30 women with PBC30 healthy women | 20, 15, and 9 distinct gene promoters with a significant difference in methylation profile in CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD14(+) T cells respectively |
Authors | miRNAs | Tissue | Design | Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Michael et al., 2009 [95] | hsa-miR-203 hsa-miR-768-3p hsa-miR-574-3p | saliva | SjS vs. controls | exosomal microRNAs as disease biomarkers |
Pauley et al., 2011 [103] | miR-146a | PBMC | SjS vs. controls | Overexpression of miR-146 and miR-155 |
Alevizos et al., 2011 [88] | miR-768-3p miR-574-3p | MSG | SjS vs. controls | miR-768-3p and miR-574 inversely correlated with focus score |
Kapsogeorgou et al., 2011 [89] | miR-16 miR-200b, Let-7b miR-223 miR-181a | PBMCs, SG, SGEC | SjS vs. sicca controls and seronegative SjS patients | downregulation of let-7b in SGECs of antibody-positive patients |
Tandon et al., 2012 [90] | miR-4524 miR-5100 | MSG | SjS vs. controls | differential expression of miR-5100 |
Zilahi et al., 2012 [91] | miR-146a miR-146b | PBMCs | SjS vs. controls | Overexpression of miR-146a/b |
Shi et al., 2014 [96] | miR-146a miR-155 | PBMCs | SjS vs. controls | Overexpression of miR-146a, downregulation of miR-155 |
Peng et al., 2014 [97] | miR-181a | PBMCs | SjS vs. controls | Overexpression of miR-181a |
Gourzi et al., 2015 [98] | miR16, miR200b-3p, miR223, miR483-5p | MSG, SGEC, PBMC | SjS vs. sicca controls | dysregulation of miR-16, miR-200b-3p, miR-223and miR-483-5p |
Gallo et al., 2016 [99] | miR-BART13-3p | MSG | SjS vs. controls | elevation of miR-BART13-3p affects calcium pathway |
Yang et al., 2016 [100] | miR-1207-5p, miR-4695-3p | MSG | SjS vs. controls | downregulation of miR-1207-5p and miR-4695-3p expression |
Chen et al., 2017 [92] | miR-150-5p | PBMC | SjS vs. controls | reduced miR-150-5p expression |
Wang et al., 2017 [93] | miR-181a miR-16 | MSG | SjS vs. controls | decreased miR-181a/miR-16 expression associated with focus score |
Wang-Renault et al., 2018 [94] | miR-30b-5p | CD19(+) B, CD4(+) T cells | SjS vs. controls | miR-30b-5p inversely correlates with BAFF expression in B cells |
Authors | miRNAs | Tissue | Design | Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Padgett et al., 2009 [104] | miR-122a, miR-26a, miR-328, miR-299-5p | Liver | PBC vs. controls | Downregulation of miR-122a and miR-26a and the increased expression of miR-328 and miR-299-5p |
Banales et al., 2012 [110] | miR-506 | Liver | PBC vs. controls | miR-506 overexpression impairs biliary bicarbonate secretion |
Qin et al., 2013 [105] | miR-15a-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-3654, miR-181a-5p | PBMCs | PBC vs. controls | altered expression of 17 miRNAs involved in cell differentiation and signal transduction |
Ninomiya et al.,2013 [106] | hsa-miR-505-3p, miR-197-3p | Sera | PBC vs. controls | decreased expression of hsa-miR-505-3p and miR-197-3p |
Tan et al., 2014 [109] | hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-141-3p, hsa-miR-26b-5p | Sera | PBC vs. controls | hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-141-3p, and hsa-miR-26b-5p as disease biomarkers |
Sakamoto et al., 2016 [107] | miRNA-122, miRNA-378, miRNA-4311, miRNA-4714-3p | Sera | Treatment effective vs. resistant patients | miRNA profile can be a useful approach for the characterization of PBC development |
Liang et al., 2016 [108] | miR-92a | Sera, PBMCs | PBC vs. controls | altered miR-92a expression is associated with Th17 cell differentiation |
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Arvaniti, P.; Zachou, K.; Lyberopoulou, A.; Gatselis, N.K.; Brooks, W.H.; Dalekos, G.N.; Renaudineau, Y. Epigenetic Modifications in Generalized Autoimmune Epithelitis: Sjögren’s Syndrome and Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Epigenomes 2019, 3, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes3030015
Arvaniti P, Zachou K, Lyberopoulou A, Gatselis NK, Brooks WH, Dalekos GN, Renaudineau Y. Epigenetic Modifications in Generalized Autoimmune Epithelitis: Sjögren’s Syndrome and Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Epigenomes. 2019; 3(3):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes3030015
Chicago/Turabian StyleArvaniti, Pinelopi, Kalliopi Zachou, Aggeliki Lyberopoulou, Nikolaos K. Gatselis, Wesley H. Brooks, George N. Dalekos, and Yves Renaudineau. 2019. "Epigenetic Modifications in Generalized Autoimmune Epithelitis: Sjögren’s Syndrome and Primary Biliary Cholangitis" Epigenomes 3, no. 3: 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes3030015