Polycomb Assemblies Multitask to Regulate Transcription
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Polycomb Complexes
2.1. PRC1 or Type I of Polycomb Repressive Complexes
2.2. PRC2 or Type 2 of Polycomb Repressive Complexes
2.3. Dynamic, Cell-Context Dependent Display of Polycomb Complexes
3. Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Activities of Polycomb Complexes
3.1. PRC1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Module
3.2. Lysine Methyltransferase Module in PRC2
3.3. Architectural, Non-Enzymatic Functions
4. Polycomb Localisation on Chromatin
4.1. DNA-Dependent Localisation
4.2. Interactions with Modified Histone Tails and Nucleosomes
4.2.1. Polycomb Subunits that Recognize Histone H3K27me3 Tail
4.2.2. Polycomb Subunits that Recognise H2AK119Ub
4.2.3. Subunits that Sense the Methylated Status of Histones H3K4 and H3K36
4.3. RNA Interactions in Polycomb Localisation
4.4. Polycomb Eviction from Chromatin
5. The Polycomb Machinery and Transcription Control
5.1. PcG-Dependent Transcriptional Repression
5.2. Active Transcription Sustained by Polycomb
6. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Subunits | Domains | Chromatin Function | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mammals | Also Named | Flies | ||
Core PRC1—Common to All PRC1 Complexes | ||||
RING1A, RING1B | RING1(A), RNF2(B) | dRing1/Sce | RING finger, RAWUL | E3 ubiquitin ligase |
PCGF1-PCGF6 | BMI1(PCGF4), MEL18 (PCGF2) | RING finger, RAWUL | E3 ubiquitin ligase | |
Canonical PRC1 Complexes | ||||
PHC1–PHC3 | Ph | SAM | Oligomerization | |
CBX2, CBX4, CBX6–CBX8 | M33(CBX2), PC2(CBX4) | Pc | chromodomain | H3K27me3 binding |
SMCH1, SMCH2 | Scm | SAM, MBT | Oligomerization | |
SFMBT1, SFMBT2 | Sfmbt | SAM, MBT | Oligomerization | |
L3MBTl1-L3MBTL4 | L(3)mbt | SAM, MBT | Oligomerization | |
Non-Canonical PRC1 Complexes | ||||
RYBP/YAF2 | dRybp | Zinc finger | Ub binding | |
KDM2B | FBXL10 | Kdm2 | CXXC, JmJC | DNA binding, H3K36 demethylase |
MGA–MAX | (1) | DNA binding motif | DNA binding | |
E2F6–TFDP1 | (1) | DNA binding motif | DNA binding | |
WDR5 | (1) | WD40 | scaffold? * | |
DCAF7 | WDR68 | (1) | WD40 | scaffold? * |
Core PRC2 Complex | ||||
EZH1, EZH2 | E(z) | SET | Lysine methyltransferase | |
SUZ12 | Suz12 | VEFS box, Zinc finger | Allosteric integration | |
EED | Esc, Escl | WD40 | H3K27me3 binding | |
RBBP4, RBBP7 | Nurf55 | WD40 | H3K4me, H3K36 binding | |
PRC2 Accessory Subunits | ||||
PCL1–PCL3 | PHF1, MTF2, PHF19 | Pcl | Winged helix, Tudor | DNA binding, H3K36me binding |
JARID2 | Jarid2 | DNA binding motif, Ub binding motif | DNA binding, nucleosome binding | |
AEBP2 | Jing | DNA binding | ||
EPOP | C17orf96 | (1) | Low level gene expression | |
PALI1, PALI2 | C100rf12 | (1) | Link to corepressors? * |
Subunit | Cell Type | Mechanism | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
CBX8 | Murine ESC-derived neural progenitor | not known | [281] |
RING1B | Human melanoma lines | UTX, p300 recruitment | [280] |
Mouse spermatogonia, in vivo | Interaction activator (SALL4) | [257] | |
RING1A, RING1B | Mouse epithelial cells in vivo | not known | [250,282] |
PCGF5 | Murine ESC-derived neural progenitor | not known | [283] |
Reporter constructs, established cell lines | p300 recruitment (AUTS2) | [32] | |
PCGF1 | Murine ESCs | not known | [284] |
PCGF2/MEL18 | Murine ESC-derived cardiac-mesoderm precursors | not known | [33] |
EZH1 | Murine myoblast line | RNApolII elongation | [56] |
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Vidal, M. Polycomb Assemblies Multitask to Regulate Transcription. Epigenomes 2019, 3, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes3020012
Vidal M. Polycomb Assemblies Multitask to Regulate Transcription. Epigenomes. 2019; 3(2):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes3020012
Chicago/Turabian StyleVidal, Miguel. 2019. "Polycomb Assemblies Multitask to Regulate Transcription" Epigenomes 3, no. 2: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes3020012