Assessing the Potential of Inoculative Field Releases of Telenomus remus to Control Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. General Crop Management
2.4. Telenomus Remus Releases
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- Non-sealed letter envelopes containing approximately 300 parasitized eggs were fastened on maize plants (or on sticks when the maize plants were less than three weeks old). They were spaced every 13th maize row (13 × 0.8 m = 10.4 m), without considering the 5 outer rows at both sides of the plot;
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- Within the maize row, the envelopes containing the ≈300 parasitized eggs were set up every 10 m, leaving 5 m at the ends of the rows.
2.5. Data Collection
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Parasitism Rate by T. remus during the First and Second Rainy Seasons
3.2. FAW Damage and Larval Density under Different Treatments
3.3. Seasonal Abundance of Larval Parasitoids and Their Parasitism Rate during the Trials
3.4. FAW Damage on Maize Tassels and Cobs, and Yield under Different Treatments
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Season | Species (Order: Family) | Host Stage Attacked/Killed | Relative Abundance (%) * n1 = 184; ** n2 = 22 |
---|---|---|---|
Major rainy season | Chelonus bifoveolatus Szépligeti (Hym.: Braconidae) | Egg–larval | 63.04 |
Chelonus cf. curvimaculatus Cameron | 0.54 | ||
Coccygidium luteum (Brullé) (Hym.: Braconidae) | Larval | 20.65 | |
Charops sp. (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) | 5.98 | ||
Cotesia icipe Fernandez-Triana and Fiaboe (Hym.: Braconidae) | Larval | 3.26 | |
Undetermined specimens | Larval | 7.07 | |
Minor rainy season | Chelonus bifoveolatus | Egg–larval | 31.82 |
Chelonus cf. curvimaculatus | Egg–larval | 9.09 | |
Coccygidium luteum | Larval | 22.73 | |
Charops sp. | Larval | 31.82 | |
Undetermined specimens | Larval | 4.55 |
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Agboyi, L.K.; Layodé, B.F.R.; Fening, K.O.; Beseh, P.; Clottey, V.A.; Day, R.; Kenis, M.; Babendreier, D. Assessing the Potential of Inoculative Field Releases of Telenomus remus to Control Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana. Insects 2021, 12, 665. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080665
Agboyi LK, Layodé BFR, Fening KO, Beseh P, Clottey VA, Day R, Kenis M, Babendreier D. Assessing the Potential of Inoculative Field Releases of Telenomus remus to Control Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana. Insects. 2021; 12(8):665. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080665
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgboyi, Lakpo Koku, Babatoundé Ferdinand Rodolphe Layodé, Ken Okwae Fening, Patrick Beseh, Victor Attuquaye Clottey, Roger Day, Marc Kenis, and Dirk Babendreier. 2021. "Assessing the Potential of Inoculative Field Releases of Telenomus remus to Control Spodoptera frugiperda in Ghana" Insects 12, no. 8: 665. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080665