Naturally Occurring Compounds/Materials as Alternatives to Synthetic Chemical Insecticides for Use in Fire Ant Management
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Alternatives to Synthetic Chemical Insecticides for Use in Fire Ant Bait Products
2.1. Overview
2.2. Naturally Occurring Compounds Used in Current Fire Ant Baits
2.3. Naturally Occurring Compounds that are Recently Evaluated as Potential Fire Ant Bait Active Ingredients
3. Alternatives to Synthetic Chemical Insecticides for Use in Fire Ant Contact-Based Control Products
3.1. Overview
3.2. Naturally Occurring Compounds Used in Current Fire Ant Contact-Based Control Products
3.3. Naturally Occurring Organic Compounds/Materials that Have Been Evaluated as Contact-Based Control Toxins
4. Fire Ant Repellants
4.1. Overview
4.2. Naturally Occurring Organic Compounds/Materials that Have Been Evaluated as Fire Ant Repellants
5. Fire Ant Fumigants
5.1. Overview
5.2. Naturally Occurring Compounds/Materials that Have Been Evaluated as Fire Ant Fumigants
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Active Ingredient | Source | Mode of Action |
---|---|---|
Abamectin | Natural compounds from bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis | Selective high-affinity binder to glutamate-gated chloride channels |
Fipronil | Synthetic phenylpyrazole | Blocker of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels and glutamate-gated chloride channels |
Hydramethylnon | Synthetic trifluoromethyl aminohydrazone | Metabolic inhibitor. |
Indoxacarb | Synthetic oxadiazine | Blocker of neuronal sodium channels |
Metaflumizone | Synthetic semicarbazone | Blocker of neuronal sodium channels |
Methoprene | Synthetic juvenile hormone analog | Insect growth regulator |
Pyriproxyfen | Synthetic juvenile hormone analog | Insect growth regulator |
Spinosad | Natural compounds from bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa | Disruptor of acetylcholine neurotransmission |
Product Name | AI and Concentration | Company |
---|---|---|
Clinch | abamectin (0.011%) | Syngenta Crop Protection. LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA |
Ferti-lome Come and Get It Fire Ant Killer | spinosad (0.015%) | Voluntary Purchasing Group, Bonham, TX, USA |
Payback Fire Ant Bait | spinosad (0.015%) | Southern Agricultural Insecticides, Inc. (Palmetto, FL; Hendersonville, NC; Boone, NC, USA |
Antixx® Fire Ant Bait | spinosad (0.015%) | W. Neudorff GmbH KG, Emmerthal, Germany |
Active Ingredient | Type | Mode of Action |
---|---|---|
Pyrethrins | Natural compound in Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
d-Limonene | Natural compound in oil of citrus fruit peels | Not clearly understood, most likely with multiple effects |
Rotenone | Natural compound in seeds and stems of several plants | Interfere with the electron transport chain in mitochondria |
Spinosad | Natural compounds in bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa | Disrupt acetylcholine neurotransmission |
Clove oil | Natural essential oil | Not clearly understood, most likely with multiple effects |
Cotton seed oil | Natural essential oil | Not clearly understood, most likely with multiple effects |
Lemongrass oil | Natural essential oil | Not clearly understood, most likely with multiple effects |
Peppermint oil | Natural essential oil | Not clearly understood, most likely with multiple effects |
Pine oil | Natural essential oil | Not clearly understood, most likely with multiple effects |
Rosemary oil | Natural essential oil | Not clearly understood, most likely with multiple effects |
Turpentine | Natural essential oil | Not clearly understood, most likely with multiple effects |
Carbaryl | Synthetic carbamate | Inhibit acetylcholinesterase |
Imidacloprid | Synthetic neonicotinoid | Bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and trigger cell responses |
Acephate | Synthetic organophosphates | Inhibit acetylcholinesterase |
Fipronil | Synthetic phenylpyrazole | Block GABA-gated chloride channels and glutamate-gated chloride channels |
Allethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
beta-Cyfluthrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Bifenthrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Cypermethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Deltamethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
es-Fenvalerate | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Fenvalerate | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Fluvalinate | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Lambda-Cyhalothrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Permethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Resmethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
s-Bioallethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Sumethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Tefluthrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Tetramethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Tralomethrin | Synthetic pyrethroid | Interfere with sodium channel gating |
Compound | References |
---|---|
Formic acid | [55,56] |
Methyl benzoate analogs | [68] |
Clove powder | [63] |
Eugenol | [63] |
Eugenol acetate | [63] |
Beta-caryophyllene | [63] |
Sweet wormwood | [67] |
Camphor | [67] |
Linalool | [67] |
Cineole | [67] |
α-Terpineol | [67] |
L-(-)-Borneol | [67] |
Decylamine | [57] |
Dodecylamine | [57] |
Mint oil | [60] |
2-Tridecanone | [56] |
Undecane | [56] |
Batrachotoxinin A | [58] |
Pumiliotoxin 237A ** | [58] |
(5E, 9E) 3-Butyl-5-propylindolizidine 223AB | [58] |
Decahydroquinoline cis-223F | [58] |
Pseudophrynaminol | [58] |
Spiropyrrolizidine oxime | [58] |
(+)-Gephyrotoxin | [58] |
5,8-Disubstituted indolizidine 205A | [58] |
5,8-Disubstituted indolizidine 235B | [58] |
Octahydrohistrionicotoxin 291A | [58] |
2-Methyl-6-undecylpiperidine | [58] |
Pumiliotoxin 267C | [58] |
Batrachotoxin | [58] |
Histrionicotoxin | [58] |
Nicotine | [58] |
Pumiliotoxin 323A | [58] |
Pumiliotoxin 251D | [58] |
Allopumiliotoxin 267A | [58] |
Pumiliotoxin 307A | [58] |
Batrachotoxin | [58] |
Octahydrohistrionicotoxin 291A | [58] |
Allodihydrohistrionicotoxin 285A | [58] |
Histrionicotoxin 259A | [58] |
Pumiliotoxin 267C | [58] |
Pumiliotoxin 251D | [58] |
Cinnamon leaf essential oil | [69] |
trans-cinnamaldehyde | [69] |
allyl isothiocyanate | [61] |
3-butenyl isothiocyanate | [61] |
3-(methylthio)propyl isothiocyanate | [61] |
2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate | [61] |
Cupressus nootkatensis essential oil | [59] |
Acorus calamus powder | [64] |
α-Asarone | [64] |
α-Asarone | [64] |
Soil in the rhizosphere of Viburnum odoratissimum | [70] |
Soil containing cinnamon leaf debris | [62] |
Compound/Material | References |
---|---|
Formic acid | [84] |
Clove powder | [63] |
Eugenol | [63] |
Eugenol acetate | [63] |
Beta-caryophyllene | [63] |
Sweet wormwood oil | [67] |
Camphor | [67] |
Linalool | [67] |
Cineole | [67,85] |
α-Terpineol | [67,85] |
L-(-)-Borneol | [67] |
Decylamine | [57] |
Dodecylamine | [57] |
D-Limonene | [85] |
Mint oil | [60] |
Camphor oil | [86] |
Cupressus nootkatensis essential oil | [59] |
Acorus calamus powder | [64] |
α-Asarone | [64] |
β-Asarone | [64] |
Soil in rhizosphere of Viburnum odoratissimum | [70] |
Soil containing cinnamon leaf debris | [62] |
Anthranilate | [82] |
Butyl anthranilate | [82] |
Callicarpenal | [87] |
Intermedeol | [87] |
Hedychium essential oil | [88] |
Feng Yu Jing, a Chinese essential oil product | [81,89,90] |
Viridiflorol | [85] |
E-Nerolidol | [91] |
α-Pinene | [85] |
β-Pinene | [85] |
α-Terpinene | [85] |
γ-Terpinene | [85] |
Terpinen-4-ol | [85] |
E-Nerolidol | [91] |
β-Caryophyllene | [91] |
Vetiver oil | [92] |
Salvia sclarea oil | [93] |
Capsicum annuum oil | [93] |
Cymbopogon nardus oil | [93] |
Ilex purpurea oil | [93] |
Cinnamomum cassia oil | [93] |
Mentha Canadensis oil | [90] |
Salvia sclarea oil | [90] |
Capsicum annuum oil | [90] |
Mentha longifolia oil | [90] |
Pinus spp oil | [90] |
Cedrus deodara oil | [90] |
Eucalyptus globulus essential oil | [94] |
Artemisia carvifolia essential oil | [94] |
Sage (Saliva sp.) shaving water suspension | [95] |
Pine needle shaving water suspension | [95] |
Cedar shaving water suspension | [95] |
Grass WW-B.Dahl | [96] |
Red cedar mulch | [97] |
Pine bark mulch | [97] |
Red cypress mulch | [97] |
Hardwood mulch | [97] |
Basil essential oil | [98] |
Citronella essential oil | [98] |
Lemon essential oil | [98] |
Peppermint essential oil | [98] |
Tea tree essential oil | [98] |
Eucalyptus essential oil | [98] |
Carboxylic acids | [78] |
Carboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid esters | [78,79] |
Alcohols | [78] |
Ketones | [78] |
Ylang ylang oil | (Du et al. unpublished data) |
Sodium dehydroacetate | [83] |
Compound | References |
---|---|
Formic acid | [55,56] |
Methyl benzoate analogs | [68] |
Sweet wormwood | [67] |
d-Camphor | [67] |
Linalool | [67] |
Cineole | [67] |
α-terpineol | [67] |
L-(-)-borneol | [67] |
Camphor oil | [109] |
Artemisia annua oil | [109] |
Eucalyptus oil | [109] |
Wintergreen oil | [109] |
Mugwort oil | [109] |
Chrysanthemum oil | [109] |
Turpentine oil | [109] |
Forsythia oil | [109] |
Sweet orange oil | [110] |
d-limonene | [110] |
Linalool | [110] |
Heptanone | [111] |
Octanone | [111] |
Nonanone | [111] |
Undecanone | [111] |
2-Tridecanone | [56] |
Undecane | [56] |
Camphor oil | [86] |
Camphor | [86] |
Cineole | [86] |
Ethyl formate | [104] |
Allyl isothiocyanate | [61,105] |
3-Butenyl isothiocyanate | [61] |
3-(Methylthio)propyl isothiocyanate | [61] |
2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate | [61] |
Cupressus nootkatensis essential oil | [59] |
Michelia alba leaves | [106] |
Murraya exotica leaves | [107] |
Tephrosia vogelii fresh material | [108] |
Eucalyptus globulus essential oil | [94] |
Artemisia carvifolia essential oil | [94] |
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Chen, J.; Oi, D.H. Naturally Occurring Compounds/Materials as Alternatives to Synthetic Chemical Insecticides for Use in Fire Ant Management. Insects 2020, 11, 758. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110758
Chen J, Oi DH. Naturally Occurring Compounds/Materials as Alternatives to Synthetic Chemical Insecticides for Use in Fire Ant Management. Insects. 2020; 11(11):758. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110758
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jian, and David H. Oi. 2020. "Naturally Occurring Compounds/Materials as Alternatives to Synthetic Chemical Insecticides for Use in Fire Ant Management" Insects 11, no. 11: 758. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110758