How Effective Is Conservation Biological Control in Regulating Insect Pest Populations in Organic Crop Production Systems?
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Organic Crop Production Systems
3. Conservation Biological Control
4. Does Plant Diversity Enhance Regulation of Insect Pest Populations by Natural Enemies?
- *
- Does an increase in natural enemy assemblage and abundance lead to enhanced regulation of insect pest populations and a subsequent reduction in plant damage in organic crop production systems? What levels of insect pest numbers are required to sustain natural enemy populations throughout the growing season?
- *
- How will natural enemies be affected by different levels of insect abundance? Can natural enemies sufficiently regulate multiple-insect pest complexes and mitigate plant damage?
- *
- Can the presence of natural enemies prevent crops from being exposed to viruses transmitted by certain insect pests including aphids, leafhoppers, and whiteflies?
5. Intraguild Predation
6. Effect of Plant Volatiles on Natural Enemies
7. Impact of Weed Diversity on Natural Enemies
8. How Do Insecticides Affect Natural Enemies?
9. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Flowering Plants | Natural Enemies |
---|---|
Sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima) | Syrphids (hoverflies) [7,42] |
Orius spp. [7] | |
Coccinellids (ladybird beetles) [7] | |
Trichogramma carverae Oatman and Pinto (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) [50] | |
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) | Syrphids (hoverflies) [42,50] |
Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) [17] | |
Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) [54] | |
Cornflower (Centaurea cyanis) | Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) [54] |
Common vetch (Vicia sativa) | Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) [54] |
Candytuft (Iberis amara) | Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) [54] |
Ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria) | Heterospius prosopidis (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) [26] |
Wild marjoram (Origanum vulgare) | Pimpla turionellae (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) [26] |
Heterospilus prosopidis (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) [26] |
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Cloyd, R.A. How Effective Is Conservation Biological Control in Regulating Insect Pest Populations in Organic Crop Production Systems? Insects 2020, 11, 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110744
Cloyd RA. How Effective Is Conservation Biological Control in Regulating Insect Pest Populations in Organic Crop Production Systems? Insects. 2020; 11(11):744. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110744
Chicago/Turabian StyleCloyd, Raymond A. 2020. "How Effective Is Conservation Biological Control in Regulating Insect Pest Populations in Organic Crop Production Systems?" Insects 11, no. 11: 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110744