What Can Integrated Analysis of Morphological and Genetic Data Still Reveal about the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) Cryptic Species Complex?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biological Material
2.2. Analysis of ITS1 Sequences
2.3. Morphometric Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Analyses of ITS1 Sequences
3.2. Characterization of the ITS1 Sequence Types
3.2.1. Sequence Type TI
3.2.2. Sequence Type TII
3.2.3. Sequence Types TIII A, B, C
3.2.4. Sequence Type TIV
3.3. Relationships of Sequence Types among Samples of the AF Complex
3.4. Morphological Relationships
3.5. Wings and ITS1 Data Relationships
4. Discussion
4.1. ITS1 as a Molecular Marker
4.2. ITS1 and Morphotype Relationships
4.3. Scenarios of Divergences Within the AF Complex
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Provinces * | Locality | Map | Coordinates | Host Fruit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | Parana | Uberlândia | 1 | 18°56′46″ S, 48°13′55″ W | Guava (Psidium guajava) |
Botucatu | 2 | 22°56′18″ S, 48°18′25″ W | Guava | ||
Santa Isabel ** | 3 | 23°19′00″ S, 46°13′25″ W | Guava; Orange (Citrus sp.) | ||
Parana Florest | Três Rios ** | 5 | 22°07′21″ S, 45°41′52″ W | Guava; Orange | |
São Luis do Paraitinga ** | 4 | 23°13′24″ S, 45°18′47″ W | Guava | ||
Atlantic | Ubatuba | 6 | 22°46′24″ S, 48°18′25″ W | Tropical almond (Teminalia cattapa) | |
Argentina | Parana | Misiones | 7 | 27°23′59″ S, 55°56′01″ W | Guava |
Pampeana | Concordia | 8 | 31°23′13″ S, 58°01′12″ W | Guava | |
Chaco | Tucumán | 9 | 27°02′18″ S, 65°19′13″ W | Guava | |
Horco Molle | 10 | 26°46′37″ S, 65°19′49″ W | Guava | ||
Peru | Desert | La Molina | 11 | 12°14′15″ S, 76°31′50″ W | Lab colony (Annona cherimola) |
Ecuadorian | Piura | 12 | 07°40′23″ S, 79°12′40″ W | Guava | |
Ecuador | West Ecuadorian | Guayaquil | 13 | 02°2′13″ S, 79°53′50″ W | Guava |
Colombia | Paramo | Ibagué | 14 | 04°26′11″ N, 5°11′29″ W | Lab colony (Coffea arabica) |
Guatemala | High Altitude Chiapas | Guatemala City | 15 | 14°36′51″ N, 0°32′22″ W | Guava |
Mexico | Pacific Low Land | Tapachula | 16 | 14°53′47″ N, 2°10′30″ W | Guava; Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) |
Yucatan | Quintana Roo | 17 | 19°37′39″ N, 8°38′56″ W | McPhail trap | |
Veracruz | Teocelo | 18 | 19°23′14″ N, 6°57′23″ W | Guava | |
Apazapan | 19 | 19°17′00″ N, 6°36′59″ W | McPhail trap | ||
La Jicayana | 20 | 19°21′44″ N, 6°39′23″ W | Guava |
Country | Locality | Code | Sample | NCBI Accession * |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | Palmas, PR | BrPal | 9 | KY400289 |
Uberlândia, MG | BrUbe | 1 | JN223390 | |
Botucatú, SP | BrBot | 2 | JN223383 | |
Santa Isabel, SP | BrIsa | 3 | JN223376; JN1223379; JN223385 | |
S. L. Paraitinga, SP | BrSlp | 4 | JN223382 | |
Três Rios, RJ | BrTri | 5 | JN223378 | |
Ubatuba, SP | BrUba | 6 | JN223377; JN223380 | |
Argentina | Misiones | ArMis | 7 | MH806409 |
Concordia | ArCon | 8 | MH806412 | |
Tucumán | ArTuc | 9 | MH806411 | |
Horco Molle | ArHmo | 10 | MH806410 | |
Bolivia | Santa Cruz | BoSCr | 3 | KT829864 |
Los Volcanes | BoVol | 4 | KT400288 | |
Peru (highlands) | Huatatas | PeHut | 63 | KY400324 |
Pucahuasi | PePuc | 65 | KY400299 | |
Huanta | PeHua | 66 | KY400311 | |
Cusco | PeCus | 68 | KY400304 | |
Sillacancha | PeSil | 70 | KY400306; KY400307 | |
VRAE Qanan | PeVRq | 95 | KY400302 | |
SENASA | PeSen | 96 | KY400309 | |
VRAERegion | PeVRr | 97 | KY400310 | |
Peru (lowlands) | La Molina | PeLmo | 11 | MH806421 |
Piura | PePiu | 12 | MH806422 | |
Casma | PeCas | 61 | KY400395 | |
Cajamarca | PeCaj | 67 | KY400366 | |
Lambayeque | PeLam | 80 | KY400367 | |
Jequetepeque | PeJeq | 83 | KY400337 | |
Tumbes | PeTum | 92 | KY400379 | |
Ecuador | Guayas | EcGuy | 49 | KY400327; KT893867 |
Guayaquil | EcGua | 13 | MH806420 | |
Colombia (island) (Highlands) | San Andres | CoSan | 43; 44 | KY400484; KT893866 |
Ibagué | CoIba | 14 | MH806419 | |
Rionegro | CoAnt | 17 | KT893870 | |
CoRio | 18;19 | KY400427; KY400425 | ||
CoCau | 20 | KY400436 | ||
Huila | CoHui | 24 | KY400468 | |
Risaralda | CoRis | 40 | KY400476 | |
Mexico | Chiapas | MxChi | 54 | KY400491 |
Tapachula | MxTap | 16 | MH806414 | |
Quintana Roo | MxQro | 17 | MH806413 | |
Teocelo | MxTeo | 18 | MH806417 | |
Apazapan | MxApa | 19 | MH806416 | |
La Jicayana | MxJic | 20 | MH806415 | |
Guatemala | Guatemala City | GuCit | 15 | MH806418 |
Collection | Sequence | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Morphotype | Country | Code | N | |
Brazilian-1 | Brazil | Uberlândia | B1Ube | 10 |
Botucatu | B1Bot | 10 | ||
Santa Isabel | B1Isa | 10 | ||
Argentina | Misiones | ArMis | 2 | |
Concordia | ArCon | 3 | ||
Horco-Molle | ArHmo | 3 | ||
Tucumán | ArTuc | 3 | ||
Brazilian-2 | Brazil | Santa Isabel | B2Isa | 10 |
Tres Rios | B2Tri | 10 | ||
Ubatuba | B2Uba | 10 | ||
Brazilian-3 | Brazil | Santa Isabel | B3Isa | 10 |
S.L.Paraitinga | B3Slp | 10 | ||
Ubatuba | B3Uba | 10 | ||
Peruvian | Peru | La Molina | PeLmo | 3 |
Piura | PePiu | 2 | ||
Ecuador | Guayaquil | EcGua | 10 | |
Andean | Colombia | Ibagué | CoIba | 2 |
Mexican | Guatemala | Guatemala City | GuCit | 2 |
Mexico | Tapachula | MxTap | 2 | |
Quintana-Roo | MxQro | 3 | ||
Teocelo | MxTeo | 4 | ||
Apazapan | MxApa | 2 | ||
La Jicayana | MxJic | 2 |
% Correct Classification | Bra-1 | Bra-2 | Bra-3 | And | Mex | Per | Observed | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazilian-1 | 98.8 | 85 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 |
Brazilian-2 | 100.0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
Brazilian-3 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
Andean | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
Mexican | 98.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 1 | 61 |
Peruvian | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 45 |
Expected | 99.2 | 85 | 11 | 22 | 15 | 60 | 46 | 239 |
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Prezotto, L.F.; Perondini, A.L.P.; Hernández-Ortiz, V.; Frías, D.; Selivon, D. What Can Integrated Analysis of Morphological and Genetic Data Still Reveal about the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) Cryptic Species Complex? Insects 2019, 10, 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110408
Prezotto LF, Perondini ALP, Hernández-Ortiz V, Frías D, Selivon D. What Can Integrated Analysis of Morphological and Genetic Data Still Reveal about the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) Cryptic Species Complex? Insects. 2019; 10(11):408. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110408
Chicago/Turabian StylePrezotto, Leandro F., André L.P. Perondini, Vicente Hernández-Ortiz, Daniel Frías, and Denise Selivon. 2019. "What Can Integrated Analysis of Morphological and Genetic Data Still Reveal about the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) Cryptic Species Complex?" Insects 10, no. 11: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110408
APA StylePrezotto, L. F., Perondini, A. L. P., Hernández-Ortiz, V., Frías, D., & Selivon, D. (2019). What Can Integrated Analysis of Morphological and Genetic Data Still Reveal about the Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) Cryptic Species Complex? Insects, 10(11), 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110408