Ιnteractions between Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea and Their Hosts Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Rearing
2.2. Entomopathogenic Fungi
2.3. Conidial Suspensions
2.4. Bioassays
2.5. Microscopic Fungal Identification Method
2.6. Mathematical Estimation
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Separate and Combined Mortality
3.2. Fungal Sporulation
3.3. Medial Survival Time
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Insect | Concentration (conidia/mL) | Mortality | Median Survival Time (Days) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bb | If | (%) | Sd | Estimate | Sd | 95% Confidence Interval | ||
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||||
S. granarius | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 15.000a | |||
104 | 0 | 26.67aA | 5.77 | 12.800bc | 0.772 | 11.286 | 14.314 | |
106 | 0 | 46.67bA | 10.00 | 11.867b | 0.779 | 10.341 | 13.393 | |
108 | 0 | 53.33bA | 5.77 | 12.000b | 0.721 | 10.587 | 13.413 | |
0 | 104 | 20.00aA | 0.00 | 13.700c | 0.517 | 12.687 | 14.713 | |
0 | 106 | 36.67bA | 5.77 | 12.500bc | 0.679 | 11.168 | 13.832 | |
0 | 108 | 53.33bA | 11.55 | 10.767d | 0.831 | 9.138 | 12.395 | |
S. oryzae | 0 | 0 | 3.33 | 0.00 | 14.855a | 0.145 | 14.710 | 15.000 |
104 | 0 | 36.60aA | 11.55 | 13.567c | 0.466 | 12.654 | 14.479 | |
106 | 0 | 43.33aA | 11.55 | 12.100b | 0.836 | 10.461 | 13.739 | |
108 | 0 | 63.33aA | 5.77 | 10.467d | 0.895 | 8.712 | 12.221 | |
0 | 104 | 46.67aB | 5.77 | 10.433d | 1.017 | 8.439 | 12.427 | |
0 | 106 | 55.00aB | 7.07 | 10.800d | 0.918 | 9.000 | 12.600 | |
0 | 108 | 66.67aA | 15.28 | 9.700d | 0.880 | 7.975 | 11.425 |
Insect | Concentration (conidia/mL) | Mortality | Median Survival Time (Days) * | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bb | If | (%) | Sd | Estimate | Sd | 95% Confidence Interval | ||
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||||
S. granarius | 108 | 104 | 66.67bcA | 11.55 | 10.100a | 0.712 | 8.704 | 11.496 |
106 | 106 | 56.67bA | 5.77 | 11.367b | 0.796 | 9.806 | 12.927 | |
104 | 108 | 63.33bcA | 11.55 | 11.067b | 0.689 | 9.715 | 12.418 | |
108 | 106 | 70.00bcA | 10.00 | 9.900a | 0.753 | 8.425 | 11.375 | |
106 | 108 | 66.67bcA | 7.07 | 9.800a | 0.807 | 8.217 | 11.383 | |
104 | 104 | 30.00aA | 0.00 | 13.000c | 0.609 | 11.806 | 14.194 | |
108 | 108 | 86.67cA | 7.07 | 9.300a | 0.661 | 8.005 | 10.595 | |
104 | 106 | 46.67bA | 5.77 | 11.267b | 0.786 | 9.726 | 12.807 | |
106 | 104 | 56.67bA | 5.77 | 10.367ab | 0.802 | 9.710 | 11.939 | |
S. oryzae | 108 | 104 | 46.67abA | 5.77 | 11.767a | 0.803 | 10.192 | 13.341 |
106 | 106 | 50.00bA | 0.00 | 11.433a | 0.721 | 10.021 | 12.846 | |
104 | 108 | 46.67abA | 5.77 | 11.200a | 0.918 | 9.400 | 13.000 | |
108 | 106 | 80.00cA | 5.77 | 8.300b | 0.752 | 6.827 | 9.773 | |
106 | 108 | 73.33bcA | 5.77 | 8.500b | 0.928 | 6.682 | 10.318 | |
104 | 104 | 36.67aA | 5.77 | 12.033a | 0.846 | 10.376 | 13.691 | |
108 | 108 | 83.33cA | 5.77 | 7.767c | 0.718 | 6.360 | 9.173 | |
104 | 106 | 56.67bA | 11.55 | 10.187a | 0.805 | 8.610 | 11.765 | |
106 | 104 | 60.00bcA | 10.00 | 10.133a | 0.824 | 8.518 | 11.749 |
Combined Concentration (conidia/mL) | Mortality (%) * | χ2 (1 df; p = 0.05) | Interaction | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bb | If | Observed | Expected | ||
S. granarius | |||||
108 | 104 | 67 | 66 | −0.012 | A |
106 | 106 | 57 | 66 | 0.138 | A |
104 | 108 | 63 | 63 | 0.034 | A |
108 | 106 | 67- | 80 | 0.520 | A |
106 | 108 | 70 | 70 | 0.008 | A |
104 | 104 | 30 | 41 | −0.161 | A |
108 | 108 | 80 | 78 | −0.280 | A |
104 | 106 | 46 | 54 | 0.019 | A |
106 | 104 | 57 | 57 | 0.004 | A |
S. oryzae | |||||
108 | 104 | 77 | 81 | 0.366 | A |
106 | 106 | 51 | 75 | 7.917 | C |
104 | 108 | 78 | 80 | 0.070 | A |
108 | 106 | 73 | 83 | 1.986 | A |
106 | 108 | 67 | 84 | 2.607 | A |
104 | 104 | 37 | 62 | 8.172 | C |
108 | 108 | 89 | 83 | 0.984 | A |
104 | 106 | 60 | 72 | 2.375 | A |
106 | 104 | 57 | 66 | 1.164 | A |
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Mantzoukas, S.; Zikou, A.; Triantafillou, V.; Lagogiannis, I.; Eliopoulos, P.A. Ιnteractions between Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea and Their Hosts Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insects 2019, 10, 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100362
Mantzoukas S, Zikou A, Triantafillou V, Lagogiannis I, Eliopoulos PA. Ιnteractions between Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea and Their Hosts Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insects. 2019; 10(10):362. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100362
Chicago/Turabian StyleMantzoukas, Spiridon, Athanasia Zikou, Vasw Triantafillou, Ioannis Lagogiannis, and Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos. 2019. "Ιnteractions between Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea and Their Hosts Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" Insects 10, no. 10: 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10100362