Progress in Multi-Wavelength and Multi-Messenger Observations of Blazars and Theoretical Challenges
Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
Galaxies 2019, 7(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies7010020
Received: 6 November 2018 / Revised: 7 January 2019 / Accepted: 9 January 2019 / Published: 18 January 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cosmic Plasmas and Electromagnetic Phenomena)
This review provides an overview of recent advances in multi-wavelength and multi-messenger observations of blazars, the current status of theoretical models for blazar emission, and prospects for future facilities. The discussion of observational results will focus on advances made possible through the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope and ground-based gamma-ray observatories (H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS), as well as the recent first evidence for a blazar being a source of IceCube neutrinos. The main focus of this review will be the discussion of our current theoretical understanding of blazar multi-wavelength and multi-messenger emission, in the spectral, time, and polarization domains. Future progress will be expected in particular through the development of the first X-ray polarimeter, IXPE, and the installation of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), both expected to become operational in the early to mid 2020s.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
active galaxies; blazars; multi-wavelength astronomy; muti-messenger astronomy; neutrino astrophysics; polarization
▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Böttcher, M. Progress in Multi-Wavelength and Multi-Messenger Observations of Blazars and Theoretical Challenges. Galaxies 2019, 7, 20.
Show more citation formats
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
