Prospective Evaluation of Ghrelin and Des-Acyl Ghrelin Plasma Levels in Children with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy: Evidence for Reduced Ghrelin-to-Des-Acyl Ghrelin Ratio in Generalized Epilepsies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Patients with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy
2.3. Sample Processing
2.4. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Total Ghrelin and Ghrelin-to-DAG Ratio of Plasma Obtained at Different Time Points in Male and Female Pediatric Patients
3.2. Total Ghrelin and Ghrelin-to-DAG Ratio in Plasma of Children with Different Types of Epilepsy
3.3. Correlations between Total Ghrelin or Ghrelin-to-DAG Ratio and the Patient’s Characteristics
3.4. Comorbidities, Total Ghrelin, and Ghrelin-to-DAG Ratio in Plasma of Children with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients Treated with ASMs | Untreated Patients | |
---|---|---|
Female, n (% of group) | 22 (51) | 5 (71) |
Male, n (% of group) | 21 (49) | 2 (29) |
Age, y, median (IQR) | 7.9 (3.8–10.5) | 6.7 (4.0–8.5) |
Epilepsy types, n (% of group) | ||
Focal | 19 (44) | 7 (100) |
Generalized and focal | 8 (19) | 0 (0) |
Generalized | 16 (37) | 0 (0) |
Unknown | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Etiology classification, n (% of group) | ||
Genetic | 28 (65) | 7 (100) |
Structural | 4 (9) | 0 (0) |
Metabolic | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Immune | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Infectious | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Unknown | 11 (26) | 0 (0) |
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Costa, A.-M.; Lo Barco, T.; Spezia, E.; Conti, V.; Roli, L.; Marini, L.; Minghetti, S.; Caramaschi, E.; Pietrangelo, L.; Pecoraro, L.; et al. Prospective Evaluation of Ghrelin and Des-Acyl Ghrelin Plasma Levels in Children with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy: Evidence for Reduced Ghrelin-to-Des-Acyl Ghrelin Ratio in Generalized Epilepsies. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12040527
Costa A-M, Lo Barco T, Spezia E, Conti V, Roli L, Marini L, Minghetti S, Caramaschi E, Pietrangelo L, Pecoraro L, et al. Prospective Evaluation of Ghrelin and Des-Acyl Ghrelin Plasma Levels in Children with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy: Evidence for Reduced Ghrelin-to-Des-Acyl Ghrelin Ratio in Generalized Epilepsies. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(4):527. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12040527
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosta, Anna-Maria, Tommaso Lo Barco, Elisabetta Spezia, Valerio Conti, Laura Roli, Lorenza Marini, Sara Minghetti, Elisa Caramaschi, Laura Pietrangelo, Luca Pecoraro, and et al. 2022. "Prospective Evaluation of Ghrelin and Des-Acyl Ghrelin Plasma Levels in Children with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy: Evidence for Reduced Ghrelin-to-Des-Acyl Ghrelin Ratio in Generalized Epilepsies" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 4: 527. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12040527