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Volume 11
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10.3390/jpm11030203
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Article

Sagittal Relationship between the Maxillary Central Incisors and the Forehead in Digital Twins of Korean Adult Females

by
Seoung-Won Cho
1,2,†,
Soo-Hwan Byun
1,2,3,†,
Sangmin Yi
1,2,3,
Won-Seok Jang
1,2,
Jong-Cheol Kim
1,4,
In-Young Park
2,3,5 and
Byoung-Eun Yang
1,2,3,*
1
Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea
2
Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
3
Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
4
Daegu Mir Dental Hospital, Daegu 41940, Korea
5
Division of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Both authors have contributed equally to this work.
J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(3), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11030203
Submission received: 14 February 2021 / Revised: 8 March 2021 / Accepted: 11 March 2021 / Published: 13 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Diagnosis and New Therapeutic Approach of Oral Diseases)
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Abstract

Objective: Digital twins of adult Korean females were created as a tool to evaluate and compare the sagittal relationship between the maxillary central incisors and the forehead before and after orthodontic treatment. Methods: Digital twins were reconstructed for a total of 50 adult female patients using facial scans and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The anteroposterior position of the maxillary central incisor and the forehead inclination were measured. Results: The control group presented a mean of 6.7 mm for the sagittal position and 17.5° for forehead inclination. The study group showed a mean of 9.3 mm for the sagittal position and 13.6° for forehead inclination. Most Korean females seeking orthodontic treatment had their maxillary central incisor anterior to the glabella. In contrast, fewer Korean females who completed their orthodontic treatments had their maxillary central incisor anterior to the glabella. Furthermore, patients who had completed the orthodontic treatment were more likely to have the maxillary central incisor between the forehead facial axis and glabella. Conclusion: The use of digital twins for three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the profile implies a high clinical significance. In addition, as the facial profile of Koreans is different from that of Caucasians, careful consideration should be made when setting treatment goals for the anteroposterior position of the maxillary central incisors.
Keywords: single upper central incisor; face; computer-assisted three-dimensional imaging; cone-beam computed tomography single upper central incisor; face; computer-assisted three-dimensional imaging; cone-beam computed tomography

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cho, S.-W.; Byun, S.-H.; Yi, S.; Jang, W.-S.; Kim, J.-C.; Park, I.-Y.; Yang, B.-E. Sagittal Relationship between the Maxillary Central Incisors and the Forehead in Digital Twins of Korean Adult Females. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 203. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11030203

AMA Style

Cho S-W, Byun S-H, Yi S, Jang W-S, Kim J-C, Park I-Y, Yang B-E. Sagittal Relationship between the Maxillary Central Incisors and the Forehead in Digital Twins of Korean Adult Females. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11(3):203. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11030203

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cho, Seoung-Won, Soo-Hwan Byun, Sangmin Yi, Won-Seok Jang, Jong-Cheol Kim, In-Young Park, and Byoung-Eun Yang. 2021. "Sagittal Relationship between the Maxillary Central Incisors and the Forehead in Digital Twins of Korean Adult Females" Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 3: 203. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11030203

APA Style

Cho, S.-W., Byun, S.-H., Yi, S., Jang, W.-S., Kim, J.-C., Park, I.-Y., & Yang, B.-E. (2021). Sagittal Relationship between the Maxillary Central Incisors and the Forehead in Digital Twins of Korean Adult Females. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(3), 203. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11030203

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